基于LXJ-4-450平台的土工离心模型试验研究

Geotechnical centrifuge modelling based on LXJ-4-450 platform

土工离心机是岩土工程领域最有效的物理模拟手段之一。近年来,随着现代液压、电控及测试技术的飞速发展,土工离心模型试验技术水平显著提升,应用领域也不断拓展。本文基于中国水利水电科学研究院的LXJ-4-450离心模拟试验平台,对新型机载设备及相应的试验成果进行总结,综述了近年来土工离心模型试验的研究进展。具体而言,研制了模拟污染物迁移的离心试验装置,探讨了污染物在土壤中的迁移机理;研制了离心模拟爆炸试验装置,验证了冲击波及气泡脉动在超重力场下的相似关系;研制了离心模拟溃坝试验系统,揭示了土坝漫顶破坏机理;此外,配置了世界首台水平、垂直双向离心机振动台,揭示了饱和砂土地基液化机理及地震动传播规律;开发了基于液压系统的离心模拟试验大荷载施加方法;最后,对中国水科院新建的大型土工离心机试验平台进行了介绍。

Geotechnical centrifuge modelling is one of the most efficient physical modelling methods. Recently,with the development in hydraulic pressure,electronic control and sensing and testing technologies,the technique of geotechnical centrifuge modelling has been improved greatly. Correspondingly, its applicationsare also expanding. Based on the centrifugal modeling platform in IWHR, this paper presents the advances, including both the newly developed devices and the associated experimental results, in this area. Themechanisms of the pollutants migration through soil was examined using new design centrifuge apparatus. Adevice for the blasting modelling in centrifuge was developed to validate the scaling laws for shock waveand bubble pulse by underwater explosion. The mechanisms of overtopping of soil dams were explored usinga custommade device. Moreover,the liquefaction mechanism and earthquake wave propagation through satu-rated sand were investigated using the world＇s first horizontalvertical centrifuge shaker. Besides, the technique of exerting large load force for centrifuge modelling based on hydraulic pressure system was devel-oped. Finally,the new research platform of large geotechnical centrifuge at IWHR is introduced.