郭象哲学与魏晋山水审美经验的嬗变——兼及晋宋之际的“诗运转关”说

Guo Xiang's Philosophy and the Change of Aesthetic Experience about Landscape in Wei-Jin Dynasties

魏晋山水审美经验经历了由情感化山水观向玄化山水观的转折过程。郭象哲学正是促使新旧两种山水审美经验进行转换的深层理论依据。郭象的自生独化说阐明了一种性、理自足的物性理论,从而在自然观上昭示了山水独立价值的生成;郭象的物我玄冥观确立了一种新型的物我关系,从而架构了一种人与山水"冥于当下"的观照经验。郭象哲学在东晋玄言诗人那里被具体落实为一种"寓目直观、山水生动之理、审美之境"玄同一体的结构性山水审美经验,而这种山水审美经验则为谢灵运山水诗的正式登场做好了美学准备。

The aesthetic experience of landscape in Wei and Jin dynasties has gone through the turning process from emotional landscape concept to metaphysical landscape concept. Guo Xiang＇s philosophy is the profound theoretical basis that triggers the transformation between both of the new and old types of landscape aesthetic experience. His self-generating independent theory explains that things are independent and self-sufficient, which indicates the generating of independent value of landscape in terms of view of nature. Guo Xiang＇s view of Xuan-ming has established a new type of intersubjective relationship, thus forming an immediate perspective of experience. Guo＇s philosophy was specified by the metaphysical poetry in the eastern Jin dynasty as the concrete implementation and integration of a ＂visual intuition, vivid landscape and the aesthetic realm＂ . The aesthetic experience of structural landscape is the aesthetic preparation for the emergence of Xie Lingyun＇s landscape poems.