试论战国秦汉文学研究中的惯例方法及其相关问题

On Study of Literature from Warring States to Qin-Han Dynasty:Its Conventional Methods and Related Issues

中国文学史研究中存在一些习惯性的做法,我们可以称之为"惯例方法",这些习惯做法渗透在很多论著之中,而不为研究者所自觉,对其适用性和有效性更是缺少清醒的反思。尤其是在战国秦汉文学研究领域,这些"惯例方法"极易造成许多整体性问题,甚至让整个研究领域陷入底层垮塌的泥潭。这些"惯例方法"主要有:清晰年代的预设、进化和线性思维、文本内在统一性的假设、文本是作者自我表达的载体和作者全知的假定。这些方法最终使得许多战国秦汉文学的研究变成了一种虚幻的镜像学术。

There are methods that are unconsciously and habitually applied in Chinese literature studies which we might call ＂conventional methods＂ . These methods permeate through most of the studies without scholars necessarily being aware of them, let alone seriously reflecting on their applicability and validity. Conventional methods, especially in the field of Warring States to Qin-Han Literature, readily affect integral issues and undermine the foundation of the entire field of study. These methods, including the presumption of accurate-date determination, evolutionary and linear thinking, presumption of textual integrity, presumption of text as representative of the author＇s ideas and, presumption of omniscient authors, ultimately turns most of the Warring States to Qin-Han Literature Study into the study of illusory images.