中国汽车制造业集聚与创新空间计量分析

Spatial Econometric Analysis of Agglomeration and Innovation of China's Automobile Manufacturing Industry

中国已成为世界汽车制造业大国和汽车消费大国,汽车制造业是国民经济的支柱产业.采用《中国工业企业数据库》相关数据从省级和市级两个空间层面对中国汽车制造业空间布局及其演变进行刻画,运用区位熵和EG指数测度其空间集聚水平;构建省级和市级尺度的企业创新产出模型分析研发投入、企业规模、集聚程度等因素对创新产出的影响.结果表明:(1)总体上中国汽车制造业企业数量多、规模小、空间布局分散,其整体集聚水平较低并呈下降态势;但以京津冀、长三角、珠三角等为代表的汽车产业密集分布区空间集聚程度一直处于较高水平且呈进一步聚集态势,大分散、小集聚特征明显;(2)企业的研发人员、研发经费的投入及企业的规模对企业的创新活动具有显著正向促进作用;(3)省级层面集聚程度较低未表现出对创新产出的促进作用,而市级层面局地较高的集聚水平对创新产出具有显著促进作用.未来一段时间内扩大汽车制造业企业规模、增加研发人员和经费投入,进一步提高汽车制造业在局部地区的空间集聚水平是提升中国汽车制造业创新能力的主要途径.

China has become a big country in automobile manufacturing in the world and a large automobile consumption country,and automobile manufacturing industry is a pillar industry in China ＇s national economy. The data of China Industrial Enterprise Database is used to characterize the spatial distribution and evolution of China＇s automobile manufacturing from both the provincial and municipal levels.The spatial entropy and EG index is used to measure the spatial agglomeration level. The level of enterprise innovation output model analysis of R D investment,enterprise scale,degree of agglomeration and other factors on the impact of innovation output. The results show that：（ 1） In general, the automobile manufacturing enterprises in China are small in number and scattered in spatial distribution,and the overall level of agglomeration is low and declining; however,the automobile industry represented by Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta is dense. The degree of spatial agglomeration in the distribution area has always been at a high level and has been further aggregated,greatly dispersed and with small agglomeration characteristics.（ 2） The R D personnel,the R D expenditures and the scale of enterprises have a significant positive effect on the innovation activities of enterprises.（ 3） The low level of agglomeration at the provincial level did not show the facilitation on the output of innovation,while the higher agglomeration level at the prefecture level promoted the innovation output significantly. In the future,expanding the scale of automobile manufacturing enterprises,increasing R D personnel and funding,and further enhancing the level of spatial agglomeration of automobile manufacturing in some areas are the main ways to enhance the innovation capability of China＇s automobile manufacturing industry.