基于乡村振兴的都市区近郊城镇总体规划研究——以重庆市安澜镇为例

General Planning of Suburban Towns in Metropolitan Areas Based on Rural Revitalization: a Case Study of Anlan Town in Chongqing

乡村,自古以来被视为经济落后或欠发达的地区,但近年来随着中央政策往乡村发展的倾斜,并陆续开展了新农村建设、美丽乡村、精准扶贫等系列的乡村发展工作,使得乡村的各种问题得以缓解,尤其是在当前国家乡村振兴政策的助推下,乡村将迎来全面发展的机遇。然而,乡村振兴也离不开城镇(乡)、村规划的支持,尤其产业布局、旅游规划、空间管制、居民点布局等专项规划内容为乡村建设和发展提供了必要的空间、环境保障。文章在回顾国家乡村发展政策历程基础上,总结国家乡村振兴战略的基本内涵,提出了相应的规划路径;以位于重庆都市区近郊区的安澜镇总体规划为例,为满足乡村振兴战略关于"产业兴旺"、"生态宜居"的要求,通过乡村产业振兴与人居环境振兴目标的引导,结合镇域山水资源特色,从产业布局、旅游规划、空间管制、居民点布局四个方面论述了基于乡村振兴的镇域总体规划内容,并总结了安澜镇乡村振兴的实施效果。

The countryside has been regarded as an economically backward or underdeveloped area since ancient times. However, in recent years, a series of rural development strategies, such as the New Rural Construction strategy, the Beautiful Villages strategy, and the Precise Poverty Alleviation strategy have been carried out according to the central government＇s intention to develop the countryside. In particular, with the implementation of the current national policy on rural revitalization, this countryside will usher in opportunities for all-round development. However, rural revitalization is also inseparable from the support of urban （township） and village planning, particularly in terms of special planning contents such as industrial layout, tourism planning, space controlling, and settlement of residential areas, all of which provide necessary space and environmental support for rural construction and development. This paper summarizes the basic premise of the national rural revitalization strategy and proposes a corresponding planning path based on review of the national rural development policy process. Taking the general planning of Anlan Town in the suburbs of the metropolitan area of Chongqing as an example, and guided by the revitalization of rural industries and human settlements, this paper discusses the general planning content of the town based on rural revitalization, including industrial layout, tourism planning, space control, and residential layout, together with the characteristics of the mountain water resources in the Anlan Town area. This planning content intends to fulfill the requirements of the rural revitalization strategy with respect to ＂prosperous industry＂ and ＂ecological livability＂. In addition, the effect of the implementation of rural revitalization on Anlan Town is summarized in this paper.