关于《后西游记》研究的几点思考

Thoughts on the Studies of After the Journey to the West

《后西游记》是《西游记》后较有影响的一部神魔小说,一般认为其产生于"明末清初"。然而,根据该书的最早刊本、题款、内容以及《在园杂志》《书隐丛说》等文献透露的信息,这部小说的成书,不会早于康熙初年,不会晚于康熙中叶。《后西游记》将《西游记》唐僧师徒西天取经故事,改为唐大颠带领孙小圣诸人往西天取真解,且多次叙及真经在而无真解之事,看似随意杜撰,其实包蕴进一段明清之际学术思想演变的丰富内容。首先,取法程朱、表章六经,乃元代以来的学术指向。其次,思想界纷争时起,莫衷一是,学术发展亟须寻找新的出路。三是学风浮躁,辄相模仿,而不能相互发明,激使学人"寻流泝源,推求古经本旨",以"真解"廓清"异说"。《后西游记》中虚构出的阴阳二气山与"造化小儿",所透现的乃是生当明清之际的读书人对现实人生的感喟与困惑,具有深刻的寓言性。

After the Journey to the West is a gods and demons fiction with much influence after Journey to the West,and it is generally believed that it was written in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. However,according to the first edition of the book,the title,the content and the information revealed in the literature such as ZaiyuanZazhi( Zaiyuan Potpourri) and ShuyinCongshuo,the novel was created between the early yearsand the middle period of the reign of Emperor Kangxi.After the Journey to the West adapted thepilgrimage of the Tang dynasty Buddhist monk Xuanzangwho travelled to the"Western Regions"to obtain Buddhist sacred texts with his disciples intoa story that the Buddhist monk Dadian led Sun Xiaosheng and other companions to"Western Regions"to get the true interpretation on Buddhist scripture. The book mentioned that Buddhist scripture hadno true interpretation for many times,which seems to be fabricated at random,but actually contains substantial contents concerning the evolution of academic thoughts during the Ming and Qing dynasty.