乙烯利和多效唑对簕杜鹃生长开花及生理特性的影响

Effects of ETH and PP_(333) on the Growth, Florescence and Physiological Properties of Bougainvillea spectabilis

【目的】探索外源激素乙烯利和多效唑对簕杜鹃观赏性状及其生理特性的影响,分析植株开花过程与生理生化特性的相关性,为实际生产中簕杜鹃的花期调控、提高开花率提供理论和实践依据。【方法】对植株分别叶面喷施25、50、75、100、125 mg·L^(-1)的乙烯利及100、300、500、700、900 mg·L^(-1)的多效唑,以喷清水为对照(CK)。2016年8月23日开始第1次处理,每隔10天喷施1次,共喷施3次。观察植株生长发育过程中观赏性状的变化,同时采用酶联免疫法测定植株生长开花过程中内源激素、碳水化合物及可溶性蛋白质含量。【结果】花芽分化初期,较低的IAA、GA_3以及较高的ABA、ZR有利于植物开展花芽分化;分化后期,高水平的IAA、相对稳定的GA_3以及较低的ABA、ZR对花各部位的发育有益。形态分化初期,总氮含量较低,可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质较高能够促进植株开花。75 mg·L^(-1)乙烯利使ABA/IAA、ABA/GA_3、ZR/IAA、ZR/GA_3比值明显升高,叶片总氮含量降低,促进分化初期C/N比值,同时增加植株花枝数、花朵数,使植株花期起始时间提早5天,总时长较对照延长7天;多效唑100 mg·L^(-1)抑制ABA/IAA、ABA/GA_3、ZR/IAA、ZR/GA_3比值及总氮水平,使植株花期起始时间延后1天,末花期不变。【结论】75 mg·L^(-1)乙烯利处理对植株花枝数、花朵数、始花期及开花总时长均有明显的促进作用,生产栽培中可依据此结论进行植株的促进栽培;而多效唑处理对簕杜鹃生长开花则表现出不同程度的抑制现象。

【Objective】This experiment aimed to explore the effect of exogenous hormones on ornamental and physiological characteristics of Bougainvillea spectabilis , by analyzing the correlation between the flowering process and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plants subjected to foliar-spraying ethephon （ETH） and paclobutrazol （PP 333 ）, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for more effective flowering regulation and improvement of flowering of B. spectabilis in practical production. 【Method】 The plants were sprayed on leaves with 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg ·L ^-1 ETH, and 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 mg ·L ^-1 PP 333 , and spraying water served as control. The first treatment was started on August 23, 2016, repeatedly spraying every 10 days, three times in total. The changes of ornamental characteristics during plant growth and development were observed and recorded, and at the same time, the contents of endogenous hormones, carbohydrates and soluble protein were measured. 【Result】 In the early stages of flower bud differentiation, the lower concentration of IAA,GA／-3 and higher ABA and ZR levels were favorable for the flower bud differentiation; The higher levels of IAA, relatively stable GA／-3, and lower ABA and ZR contents were beneficial to the development of various parts of flower in the late stage of flower differentiation. The total nitrogen content was lower, and the higher concentrations of total soluble sugar and soluble protein content could promote the flowering of plants in the early stage of morphological differentiation. The 75 mg ·L ^-1 ETH significantly increased the ratios of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA 3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA／-3, reduced the content of total nitrogen, and promoted the ratio of C/N in the early stage of differentiation. At the same time, the number of flower branches and flowers increased, so that the plant flowering initiation time was 5 days earlier, the whole blooming time was 7 days longer than the control; The ratios of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA／-3, ZR/IAA, and ZR/GA／-3 and total nitrogen levels were inhibited by 100 mg ·L ^-1 PP 333 treatment, and the plant flowering time was delayed for 1 day, the final flowering period was unchanged. 【Conclusion】 The 75 mg ·L ^-1 ETH treatment can obviously promote the number of flower branches, flowers, the initial flowering period and the total flowering time, which could be used to promote the growth and flowering of Rhododendron grandiflorum, while PP 333 treatment could inhibit the growth and flowering of B.spectabilis to some extent.