从文本到语境 20世纪六七十年代美国民间文学研究范式的转变

From Text to Context——On the Transformation of American Folk Literature Research Paradigm in 1960s and 1970s

20世纪六七十年代是美国民间文学研究的黄金年代,在对过去文本中心取向的研究范式的反思基础上,出现了以语境为中心的新的民间文学研究范式。新的民间文学研究范式强调特定语境中民间文学的应用,关注讲述者与观众之间的互动关系,这对以后的美国民间文学研究乃至世界的民间文学研究产生了深远影响。本文梳理20世纪六七十年代美国民间文学研究范式转变的过程,对比新旧两种民间文学研究范式的异同,并对其作出评述。

The golden age of American folk literature study occurred in 19G0s and 1970s. On the basis of reflecting the text centered research paradigm in the past, a new paradigm of study of folk literature has appeared in context centered form. The new paradigm emphasizes the application of the folk literature in a specific context and concerns about the interactive relationship between narrators and audiences, which has produced profound influence on the study of American folk literature and folk literature around the world . This paper combs the process of the transformation of e research paradigm in American folklore literature in 19G0s and 1970s, comparing similarities and differences between the two kinds of research par adigms of folklore literature and make comments on it.