湖北利川山药零余子皂苷的提取工艺研究

Study on extraction process of saponin from bulbils of Lichuan yam of Hubei Province

湖北利川山药零余子含有丰富的皂苷,研究其皂苷的提取工艺对指导其开发利用具有很强的现实意义。本文应用单因素试验和正交试验的方法研究浸提温度、乙醇体积分数、料液比、浸提时间等四个因素对皂苷提取率的影响。用薯蓣皂苷为标准对照品,使用香草醛-高氯酸显色法,在544nm的波长下测定吸光度确定样品皂苷含量。结果表明:主要的四个影响因素的主次顺序为:乙醇体积分数>浸提温度>料液比>浸提时间。通过对正交试验结果的分析得到零余子皂苷的最佳提取工艺条件为:浸提时间7h、浸提温度70℃、乙醇体积分数70%、料液比1∶9。验证试验表明,在最佳提取工艺条件下得到的湖北利川山药零余子皂苷提取率最大,达到0.054%。

Hubei Lichuan yam is rich in saponins. The study of its saponins extraction process has great practical significance in guiding its development and utilization. In this paper, the effects of four factors, such as extraction temperature, volume fraction of ethanol, solid-liquid ratio and time of extraction, on extraction rate of saponins were studied by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. Using diosgenin as the standard control and applied vanillin perchloric acid colorimetry, the content of the saponins was determined by absorbance at the wave length of 544nm. The experimental results showed that the order of the four main influencing factors is ： volume fraction of ethanol 〉 extraction temperature 〉 solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction time. Through the analysis of the orthogonal results, the optimum extraction conditions of the saponins are as follows .. the extraction time 7h, the extraction temperature of 70℃, the volume fraction of ethanol 70%, and solid-liquid ratio 1 ： 9. Verification test showed that the maximum extraction rate of the null saponin of Hubei Lichuan yam could reach 0.054% under the optimum conditions.