医学生对沟通技能的积极态度与共情能力的相关性研究

The correlation between positive attitude towards communication skills and empathy ability among medical students

目的测评医学生对沟通技能的态度，探讨共情能力与沟通技能积极态度的相关性，以期为培养医学生积极的医患沟通技能态度提供参考。方法以上海地区3所高校临床医学专业1958名学生为研究对象．采用按年级分层，以班级整群抽样的方式进行现场问卷调研。采用描述性分析、t检验、F检验、相关分析、分层回归分析进行数据分析。结果医学生沟通技能积极态度评分（51．68±6．760）分；共情能力总分（103．24±14．348）分。沟通技能积极态度与共情能力呈正相关（r=0．588，P〈0．01）。分层回归结果表明，医学生对临床医学专业的态度、对沟通重要性的认知和共情能力对沟通技能积极态度具有显著的正向预测作用，共能解释方差变异量为0．359。在控制了前两步的变量之后，共情能力所能解释的方差变异量为0．272。结论医学生对沟通技能的态度总体是积极的，培养共情能力对提升医学生的积极沟通态度具有促进作用。

Objective To evaluate the current status of medical students positive attitude towards communication skills and to explore the correlation between positive attitude towards communication skills and empathy ability among medical students. Methods One thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight medical students from three medical colleges in Shanghai were participated in this study, and questionnaire survey was conducted by cluster sampling of class from grade one to grade five. Descriptive analysis, t-test, F-test, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results The mean score of positive attitude dimension of CSAS among the participants was （51.68＋6. 760） and total mean score of empathy ability was （103.24＋ 14. 348）. Positive correlations were found between positive attitude towards communication skills and empathy ability （r= 0. 588, P〈0. 01 ）. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that medical students＇ attitude towards medicine, the importance of communication skills and empathy ability had significant prediction on positive attitude towards communication skills. These variables can explain 0. 359 of total variance. After controlling the two other variables, empathy ability can explain 0. 272 of the variance. Conclusions Communication skills attitude of medical students was positive on the whole. Enhancing their empathy ability was beneficial to improve their positive attitude towards communication skills.