礼者,所以便事也——商鞅以“法”入“礼”之礼论观探析

Etiquette Convenient for Dealing with Things——On Shangyang's Ideas about Etiquette

商鞅作为早期法家思想的代表人物,其对"周礼"的态度秉持"更化"而非完全的"拒斥"。基于法家的功利认知,商鞅提出"礼者,所以便事"的基本原则。进而主张以"刑无等级"取代"刑不上大夫",用军功爵制替代周礼基于宗法血缘的分封制,推崇耕战而斥责诗书。商鞅在秦的变法,实则是以"法"入"礼"的"更礼"革新。

Shang Yang is the representative of the legalism in the early stage, but he has the attitude of“changing” rather than “rejecting” toward the rites of Zhou. Based on the “ etiquette convenient for dealing with things”, Shang Yang proposed that “punishment without class” replace “punishment doesn’t include the senior officials in feudal China”; the rank of nobility of military exploit substitute the system of enfeoffment on account of blood relationship patriarchal clan system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Shang Yang also praised highly the combination of farming and war, and rejected literature and study abroad. Shang Yang’ s political reform in Qin actually is the innovation of “the combination of law and etiquette”.