高学历家庭影子教育支出是否更多——基于倾向值匹配的考察

Is Higher Education Family Shadow Education Spending More:A Survey Based on Propensity Score Matching

教育是实现社会流动的重要途径,影子教育作为学校教育资源的补充,成为家长帮助孩子提高竞争力的重要手段。已有研究表明:父母受教育程度、家庭户口性质等因素影响家庭影子教育支出,但多以综合因素对其进行考察,鲜有研究父母是否获得高等教育对家庭影子教育支出的净影响。选用中国教育追踪调查的基线数据,采用倾向值匹配的方法,按照全样本、农村样本和城市样本分别分析了父母的高等教育获得与家庭影子教育的支出。研究发现:在匹配了常见混淆变量后,在全样本和城市样本中,父母是否获得高等教育对家庭影子教育支出无显著影响,而农村样本则差异显著。基于研究结果,建议中国城市家庭需理性对待影子教育,丰富文化资本传递的途径;而在农村则需要强化教育资源的公共投入,提高教育的公平性。

Education is an important way to realize the social mobility. As a supplement to educationresources, the shadow education is also an important means for parents to help their children improvetheir competitiveness. Existing studies have shown that family shadow education expenditure is influencedby factors such as the students＇ home areas and the degree of parents＇ education. However, it is very rareto study the net effect of parents＇ college education on family shadow education expenditure. In thispaper, the baseline data of China education tracking survey is selected. We used the method ofpropensity score matching to analyze the relationship between the parents＇ higher education and theexpenditure of family shadow education. The study found that, after matching the common confoundingvariables, there was no significant difference between the parents＇ access to higher education and thefamily shadow education expenditure in the whole sample and the urban sample, but the difference wassignificant in the rural sample. Based on the research results, this paper suggests that Chinese urbanfamilies should treat shadow education rationally and enrich the ways of cultural capital transfer, while inrural areas it is necessary to strengthen the public input of educational resources and improve the equity ofeducation.