环状RNA在女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤中的研究

Study Progress on Circular RNA in Female Reproductive System Malignancies

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种广泛存在的特殊共价闭合环状非编码RNA(no-coding RNA,ncRNA)。circRNA具有稳定性、物种保守性及组织细胞特异性。通过作为微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)分子海绵,调节可变剪接以及亲本基因表达;此外circRNA还参与细胞内RNA调控网络和蛋白翻译过程,与包括肿瘤在內的多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。因其有望成为新的肿瘤标志物和分子治疗靶标而逐渐成为ncRNA研究领域的"新星"。近年关于circRNA的研究取得了突破性进展。研究发现circRNA可通过多种机制参与调控肿瘤细胞的增殖侵袭,对恶性肿瘤的早期诊断有重要意义,并且与肿瘤的预后及化疗敏感性有关。目前circRNA在女性生殖系统肿瘤中的功能和调控机制研究尚处于起步阶段,仅有少量研究报道。综述circRNA的分子生物功能、其在肿瘤中的研究进展以及与女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤之间的联系等。

Circular RNA（circ RNA） is a kind of widely existing special non-coding RNA molecular with covalently closed continuous loop structure without canonical 5′cap and 3′poly A. Circ RNAs are stable, conserve across species and often exhibit tissue/development-stage-specific expression. They can act as a mi RNA ＂molecular sponge＂, regulate alternative splicing and modify parental gene expression. Circ RNA involves in RNA regulation network, protein translation and is closely related to the occurrence and progression of diseases. As a promising tumor marker and molecular therapeutic target, it becomes a hotspot in nc RNA research. Recently, studies on the biogenesis, biological characteristics and functions of circ RNA have made a great progression. It has been found that circ RNAs promote proliferation of cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. It is a promising molecular for the early diagnosis, prognosis and chemosensitivity prediction of the patients. There are so far only few reports on the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of circ RNAs in female reproductive malignancy. We review the researches on the molecular biological characteristics of circ RNAs in malignant tumors of female reproductive system.