文化程度及生育情况对女性围绝经期症状的影响

Influence of Education Level and Fertility on Women′s Perimenopausal Symptoms

目的:探讨围绝经期女性文化程度及生育情况与其发生围绝经期症状的关系。方法:选取2013年1月—2017年12月在浙江地区相关医院妇科门诊就诊的2 917例围绝经期女性,采用问卷方式调查其基本情况、改良Kupperman评分法评估女性围绝经期症状。结果:最终纳入的2 479例研究对象中,有721例(29.08%)已自然绝经,绝经年龄为(49.42±3.57)岁。不同文化程度女性在绝经年龄、分娩次数、流产次数、妊娠次数、腰臀比、感觉异常、情绪波动、抑郁疑心和性生活问题方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同文化程度、分娩次数和妊娠次数间改良Kupperman评分总分的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:文化程度越低,分娩及妊娠次数越多,改良Kupperman评分总分越高,围绝经期症状越严重。不同文化程度及生育情况的围绝经期女性临床处理应个体化。

Objective：To investigate the association of female education level and fertility with their perimenopausal symptoms. Methods： A total of 2 917 perimenopausal patients in the outpatient clinic of gynecology were enrolled in this study.A questionnaire was used to survey basic information. The perimenopausal symptoms were evaluated by revised Kupperman Menopause Index（KMI）. Results： The menopausal age is（49.42 ±3.57） years old in this study. There were statistically significant differences in menopausal age, number of births, number of abortions, number of pregnancies, waist-to-hip ratio,paresthesia, mood swings, depression, suspiciousness, and sexual problems among women of different education levels（all P〈0.05）. The total scores of revised Kupperman Menopause Index were also significantly different among different education levels,the number of births and the number of pregnancies（all P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The lower the education levels, the more times of the birth and pregnancy, and the higher of the revised Kupperman scores, than the more severe the perimenopausal symptoms.The clinical treatment of perimenopausal women with different education level and fertility status should be individualized.