国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源获取与惠益分享的制度选择和发展前瞻

The system selection and development prospect of access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction

保护地球生物资源的国际性公约——《生物多样性公约》对遗传资源作出指引性的规定。海洋遗传资源作为其中的一类,可以存在于国家管辖范围外水体及海床、底土。处于不同空间位置的海洋遗传资源如果适用不同的法律制度,需要明确水体、海床与底土界线划分。从《联合国海洋法公约》、《生物多样性公约》、《名古屋议定书》和《波恩准则》关于海洋遗传资源的规定来看,现行国际法框架下针对此问题可以有多种方案,且部分规定存在非适用性的问题。面对未来,需要从海洋遗传资源界定、惠益分享方式等方面设计具体制度,确保国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源为全人类共享。

International convention for the protection of the living resources of the earth The Convention on Biological Diversity- provides guidelines on the definition of genetic resources. Marine genetic resources may exist in water column or seabed and subsoil beyond national jurisdiction. If different legal regimes apply to marine genetic resources located in different spatial locations, the delineation of the boundary between water or seabed and subsoil needs to be clarified. From the current flame of international law, several options and questions have been put forward, In the future, we should make the system of access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction.