文化贫困视域下扶贫“内卷化”探析——基于黔东南侗寨T村产业扶贫的考察

Analysis on the "Involution" of Poverty Alleviation in the perspective of Cultural Poverty: Based on the Investigation of Industry Poverty Alleviation in the T village of Dongzhai in Southeastern Guizhou

以黔东南侗寨T村的产业扶贫实践为分析对象,考察其实践路径及效果,并从文化贫困的视角来阐释"内卷化"成因。研究发现,自循环的实物经济与互助体系是文化贫困根深蒂固的经济社会基础,在这种文化轨迹下扶贫产业被"内化消解",未能转化为增收渠道。随着现代市场的渗透,本地村民面临婚配挤压、建房异化及城市消费主义影响等家庭转型压力,但这种压力在传统文化惯习下并未转化为内生发展动力,家庭劳动力未能实现市场最优化配置,反而呈现出"间断性"务工形态,导致家庭积累能力不足,从而造成"积累与支出"的深刻悖论。国家扶贫项目的注入型塑村民"等靠要"思想,村民在"贷款"政策的"引诱"下陷入"借-还"的贫困循环之中。只有从更为根本的教育工程入手,而非只依赖产业扶贫,才能从根本上解决脱贫致富的问题。

This paper examines the practice and effects of industrial poverty alleviation in T village of Dongzhai in southeastern Guizhou and explains the cause of"involution"from the perspective of cultural poverty. It shows that the self-circulating physical economy and mutual aid system are the deep-rooted economic and social foundations of cultural poverty. Under this cultural trajectory,the poverty alleviation industry has been "internalized and dispelled"and has not been transformed into a channel for income increase. With the penetration of modern market,local villagers are facing family transformation pressures from marriage,housing and urban consumerism,but these pressures have not been transformed into endogenous development motivation due to traditional cultural habits. Instead of achieving optimal market allocation,household labor force is trapped in a condition of "intermittent"work,which results in insufficient family accumulation capacity,thus leading to a profound paradox of"accumulation and expenditure". The national poverty alleviation project makes some villagers wait for,rely on and ask for help. Induced by "lending"policies,villagers fall into the "borrowing-and-return"poverty cycle. Only by starting from a more fundamental education project,rather than relying solely on industry poverty alleviation,can we solve the problem of getting rid of poverty and getting rich.