2011—2017年黑龙江省学生肺结核疫情特征分析

Analysis of the characteristics of tuberculosis epidemic situation among students in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2017

目的分析2011-2017年黑龙江省学校肺结核疫情特征。方法收集黑龙江省2011—2017年传染病报告信息管理系统（简称“网络直报”系统）报告的学生肺结核疫情资料，共计6173例。学生人口资料来源于2012-2017年《黑龙江统计年鉴》。计算2011—2017年黑龙江省学生肺结核报告发病率和涂阳肺结核报告发病率，描述发病趋势和流行特征。结果2017年黑龙江省学生肺结核报告发病率为13．85／10万（729／5263189），与2011年的16．18／10万（1056／6526400）相比下降了14．40％，总体呈下降趋势（χ^2=51．54，P〈0．01）。2014年学生肺结核报告发病构成比第三季度较高（29．46％，274／930）；2017年第四季度较高（27．98％，204／729），2011—2013年及2015-2016年均以第二季度报告患者所占构成比较高，分别为34．090o（360／1056）、30．26％（332／1097）、32．34％（293／906）及33．29％（235／706）、28．30％（212／749）。2017年全省发病率高居前3位的地区分别是鹤岗市（24．16／10万，30／124181）、七台河市（22．88／10万，26／113621）和鸡西市（20．58／10万，45／218703）。以16～18岁年龄组发病构成比最高（40．88％，298／729），其次是19岁以上年龄组（36．49％，266／729）。结论2011～2017年黑龙江省学生肺结核疫情呈总体下降趋势，除个别年份外，均以第二季度发病构成最高，鹤岗市、七台河市和鸡西市发病率最高，发病人群以高中阶段最多。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of tuberculosis epidemic among students in Heilongjiang Province, 2011-2017. Methods The tuberculosis epidemic data of 6173 students reported from the Infectious Disease Information Management System in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2017 were collected. The demographic data were from the 2012-2017 Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook. The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and reported incidence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2017 were calculated, and the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics were described. Results The reported incidence of tuberculosis among students in Heilongjiang Province was 13.85/100 000 （729/5 263 189） in 2017, decreasing by 14. 400/oo in comparison with 16.18/100 000 （1056/6 526 400） in 2011. The overall trend was downward （χ^2= 61.54,P〈0.01）. Students reported higher incidence of tuberculosis in the third quarter in 2014 （29.46%, 274/930）, and higher in the fourth quarter in 2017 （27.98%, 204/729）. From 2011 to 2013 and 2015 to 2016, the proportion of patients reporting in the second quarter was relatively high： 34.09% （360/1056）, 30.26% （332/1097）, 32.34% （293/906） and 33.29%o （235/706）, 28.30% （212/749）, respectively. The top of three regions with high incidence in 2017 were Hegang city （24.16/100 000, 30/124 181）, Qitaihe city （22.88/100 000, 26/113 621） and Jixi city （20.58/100 000, 45/218 703）. The incidence rate in the 16 18 age group was the highest （40.88%, 298/729）, followed by the age group over 19 （36. 490//00, 266/729）. Conclusion The tuberculosis epidemic situation in schools in Heilongjiang Province showed an downward trend overall. Except for a few years, the incidence in the second quarter was the highest. Hegang, Qitaihe and Jixi cities had the highest incidence of the disease, with the highest number of people at the high school stage.