陶行知的文化观念及其教育影响

Tao Xingzhi and his value of cultures

陶行知教育思想具有广博深厚的文化渊源。他对文化的本质特征、文化与教育的关系有深刻理解,认为文化是生活的工具,具有实践性、大众性、发展性和互补性;文化与教育相互作用,文化应服务于教育,文化组织是普及教育的有效方式,新文化是教育进步的重要内容;大学为创造文化之学府,自由追求真理是学术赖以产生的基础。陶行知的文化观念,深深地影响了他的教育理念与实践。不仅其最具代表性的"知行合一"的教育理念,来源于中西方文化的融合,而且他毕生所从事的平民教育、乡村教育、生活教育和劳动教育的实践,始终受文化解放与文化大众化观念的推动。

Tao Xingzhi＇s education thoughts enjoy broad and profound cultural origins.Tao has a deep understanding of culture＇s essence and the relationships between culture and education.He believes that culture is the tool for human living featuring in practicality,popularity,expansion and complementation.Cultural organization is an effective way of mass education.The new culture is an important component of education.University is an institute for cultural innovation.His cultural ideas deeply influence his education thoughts and practices.The concept of the unity of knowledge and action derives from his fusing background of Chinese and western cultures.His view of culture liberation and popularization push forward his lifelong work of populace,rural and life education.