全身麻醉与术后精神行为和认知改变研究进展

The relationship between general anesthesia and postoperative behavioral and cognitive change

全身麻醉是通过全身麻醉药作用于中枢神经系统（CNS），尽管最初人们认为全身麻醉药对CNS的影响是可逆的，并不会对大脑造成长期不良影响，但是越来越多的动物实验显示，全身麻醉可能会对发育期大脑和老年人大脑产生长期影响，造成精神行为和认知水平改变。现对全身麻醉药物对发育期大脑和老年人脑神经毒性的研究进展，以及临床常见的几种全身麻醉术后精神行为及认知水平改变的临床表现和相对应的防治措施做一综述。

General anesthetics can act on the central nervous system （CNS） which was considered to have short-term consequences or in other words, the actions were reversible. However, recently, accumulating preclinical evidence has shown that anesthetics do produce long-term alterations in brain function, especially in infants, young children and the elderly. And consequently, altered behavior or cognition level, which clinically can be manifested as negative postoperative behavioral change, postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction, may occur following general anesthesia. This review is mainly about the research progress of neurotoxicity of general anesthetics to the developing and the aged brain, common clinical manifestations caused by altered postoperative behavior or cognition and their preventive measures.