英美医疗保险制度与临床药师工作模式对我国的借鉴意义

Experiences from the medical insurance system and clinical pharmacists' working patterns of the United Kingdom and the United States

美国的医疗保险模式是以商业健康保险为主的自由市场化模式,政府对医疗保险干预力度小,国民的经济负担较重,成本高,医疗可及性和公平性较低。英国的国家医疗保险模式对全体国民实行免费医疗,政府起主导作用,公平性和福利性较好,并且以较低的成本获得了较高的国民健康水平。基于两国医疗保险制度的差异,两国医疗体系中临床药师的工作模式也存在着一定的差异。本文对此进行分析,提出适合我国医疗保险改革及临床药师发展的借鉴意义。

The medical insurance system in the United States has a free - marketing model that focuses on commercial health insurance. The go- vernment performs little intervention in the medical insurance system. Under this situation, the citizens are living under high medical expenses while low health equity and accessibility. The medical insurance system of United Kingdom （UK） provides free medical care for all citizens. The go-vernment plays a leading role in the medical insurance system. Along with better equity and accessibility, UK has achieved a relatively high level of national health at a low cost. Based on the differences of the medical insurance systems between the two countries, there are also certain differences in the working patterns of clinical pharmacists. In this article we summarize the medical insurance reform differences and propose references for China＇ s and the development of clinical pharmacists.