含低熔点金属的聚合物基复合材料的研究进展

The Research Progress of Polymer Composite Containing Low-Melting-Point Metal

低熔点金属在聚合物熔融加工温度区间内呈现液态,在一定条件下,含低熔点金属的聚合物基复合材料同时具备优异的加工性能、导电性能和力学性能。而且,通过调控环境温度,复合材料中的低熔点金属可实现刚性粒子和可变形液滴2种形态间的转换,赋予了复合材料独特的温度响应性。含低熔点金属的聚合物基复合材料不仅能广泛应用于静电消除、电磁屏蔽、传感器、导电和导热材料等领域,还能在可穿戴数码设备等需柔性和高度变形的多功能材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。文章分类综述了含低熔点金属的聚合物基复合材料的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Low-Melting-Point metal can be in a liquid state during the polymers processing temperature range, and the polymer composite containing low-mehing-point metal can simultaneously achieve excellent processability, conductivity and mechanical properties in some condition. Moreover, the low-melting-point metal in these composite can convert between rigid particles and deformable droplets by controlling ambient temperature, which gives composite temperature-response characteristic. The polymer composite containing low-melting-point metal can be applied in the fields including antistatic, electromagnetic shielding, sensors, electrical and thermal conductors. Besides, they also have broad application prospects in the multifunction materials that are soft and highly deformable, such as wearable computing materials. Research progress of polymer composite containing low-melting-point is summarized, and the directions for further developments of these composite are provided.