意大利牛舌草与其易混淆品的鉴定

Identification of Anchusa italica and Its Adulterants

目的：研究建立意大利牛舌草及其易混淆品的鉴别方法,为意大利牛舌草的质量控制提供依据。方法：采集不同产地的意大利牛舌草及其混淆品,采用药材显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别和DNA分子鉴别方法,对意大利牛舌草及其混淆品进行鉴别研究。结果：意大利牛舌草与琉璃苣、倒提壶在显微、薄层色谱有较为明显的差异,DNA分子鉴定表明,意大利牛舌草及其混淆品的最小种间K-2-P距离大于种内最大K-2-P距离,邻接法（NJ）树中意大利牛舌草的样品聚为一支,琉璃苣、倒提壶混淆品分别表现出单系性,可明显区分开。结论：该文在对意大利牛舌草及混淆品的茎、粉末显微特征比较研究的基础上,采用药材显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别与DNA分子鉴定手段相结合的综合鉴别模式,确定了意大利牛舌草及其混淆品的鉴别要点,DNA分子鉴定技术对于意大利牛舌草及其混淆品的鉴别有较大的优势,该法专属性强、灵敏度高,是传统鉴别技术的重要补充,具有较大的潜力和应用前景。建议进一步提高和完善意大利牛舌草的质量标准,加强意大利牛舌草的质量控制。

Objective： To set up the identification methods to discriminate Anchusa italica from its adulterants,in order to provide experimental basis for the quality control of the herbal medicine. Method： The microscopic identification, thin-layer chromatography（ TLC） and DNA molecular identification were used to discriminate A. italica from its adulterants. Result： There were obvious differences among the microscopical characteristics and TLC chromatograms of A. italica,Borago officinalis and Cynoglossum amabile. According to the results of DNA molecular identification,the K-2-P distance of minimum inter-specific was greater than that of maximum intra-specific. Neighbor joining（ NJ） trees were built,in which A. italica samples clustered together,and B. officinalis and C. amabile samples showed monophyletic. According to the results of NJ trees,A. italica could be discriminated from its adulterants. Conclusion： Based on the comparative study of microscopic characteristics of stems,leaves and the powder from A. italica and its adulterants,a comprehensive identification model with microscopic identification,TLC identification and DNA molecular identification was set up,which can be used to distinguish A. italica from its adulterants. According to the results, DNA molecular identification technology has great advantages in the identification of A. italica and its adulterants,with a high specificity and high sensitivity. DNA molecular identification technology is an important complement to traditional identification technology,with a great potential and application prospect. In order to strengthen the quality control management,it is suggested to further enhance and improve the quality standard of A. italica.