从分布式形态学看汉语“V+时量短语”第三种语义解读的句法构造

A DM-based Inquiry into the Syntactic Structure of the Third Reading of ‘V+DurP' in Chinese

先前文献指出汉语"V+时量短语"主要有两种语义解读:表动作持续义和动作结束后所经历时长义。本文主要考察"V+时量短语"的第三种语义解读的句法构造,该解读表动作涵盖时长义,它有两种可能的语义识解:表有效期和表经历时长。考察后发现,表第三种语义解读的"V+时量短语"句中存在方式状语修饰限制。受分布式形态学和动词附接假设的启发,我们提出该类结构中的主要动词不是实义动词V,而是一个没有语音实现形式的轻动词?_(HOLD/USE),该轻动词选择时量短语为其补足语。V在句法层面不存在,而是在语音层面才附接到轻动词上的。基于此,我们提出可以将汉语"V+时量短语"的三种语义解读与时量短语的两个句法位置关联起来:第一种语义解读中的时量短语位于动词短语VP的附接语位置,而第二、三种语义解读中的时量短语都位于轻动词的补足语位置。

The duration phrase in‘V＋DurP＇normally refers to the duration of a certain action or duration since the completion of an event in Chinese.In this article,the syntactic structure of a less-discussed third reading of‘V＋DurP＇is explored,which refers to the duration of a time span（e.g.the shelf life of a cake in zhe dai dangao keyi chi wu tian or the time range of driving in zhe liang che kai le san nian le）.Manner adverbial modification is observed in this third reading of‘V＋DurP＇.In line with the late insertion hypothesis under the framework of Distributed Morphology and the verb adjunct analysis,we propose that the V in this third reading of‘V＋DurP＇is not a main verb at the syntactic level,but to be introduced into the derivation at the morphological/phonological level.Instead of the V,a covert light verbUSE/HOLDis the real main verb,which selects a DurP as its complement.Introduced as a root,the V is merged externally with the covert light verbUSE/HOLDto meet the latter＇s affixial property.On the basis of previous research and our finding,the three readings of‘V＋DurP＇have been tied to two syntactic positions of DurPs：Adjunct or Complement.The DurP is used as an adjunct of V＇in the duration of a certain action reading;and it is used as a complement of the light verb HAVE in the reading of duration since the completion of an event and a complement of a covert light verbUSE/HOLDin the reading of duration of a time span.