人称代词的立场建构功能及其“立场化”走向

Stance Construction Function of Personal Pronouns and Their ‘Stance Taking' Trend

人称代词与所指代对象之间具有极大的不定性,这使其成为一种显著而有效的立场建构的互动手段。但不同句法分布和句法结构中人称代词的立场建构浮现机制和"立场化"程度是不同的。人称代词变指的立场建构机制的实质乃"立场站位",而"人称代词+NP"同义同指组合中的人称代词,更多地肩负起"立场指向"作用。随着人称代词和NP之间的空间领属关系从真实空间过渡到人际空间和话题空间,"人称代词(定语)+NP"直接组合中的人称代词主观化为展现、塑造和建构发话人立场的标记性成分,即"立场标记"。可见,立场建构的需要也是语言形式突破常规使用乃至发生语法化、词汇化反应的一支重要话语力量。

The great uncertainty between personal pronouns and their referents makes personal pronouns a significant and effective means of stance construction.However,their emergence mechanism and the degree of‘stance taking＇vary with their different syntactic distributions and the host syntactic structures.The essence of referential shift is‘stance taking＇,with the personal pronoun in ‘personal pronoun＋NP＇,where the two component parts are appositive and co-referential,shouldering the role of ‘stance indexing＇.When the spatial relationship between the personal pronoun and the NP in‘personal pronouns（attributes）＋NP＇transits from real space to interpersonal space and topic space,the personal pronoun is subjectivized as a‘stance marker＇,indicating,shaping and constructing the speaker＇s stance.It can be seen then that the need for stance construction is also an important discourse factor that facilitates language forms to go beyond their conventional use and undertake the process of grammaticalization and lexicalization.