重大自然灾害应急救助保障集成平台设计与应用

Design and application of integrated platform for major natural disaster emergency rescue and support

为解决重大自然灾害救助保障时效性低、需求不明确等问题,综合应用地理信息系统（GIS）、模拟仿真、物联网、智能终端等技术,设计开发了基于B/S架构的重大自然灾害应急救助保障平台。该平台包括重大自然灾害损失与社会影响快速评估、应急救助需求与能力快速评估、应急救助物资调度等关键功能模块,并在国家减灾中心及内蒙古、山东、海南和云南等4个省份50余个县（市、区）实际应用。结果表明：该平台在重大自然灾害损失快速评估、应急救助需求评估等环节发挥了决策支持作用,平台的技术与功能架构具有较强的可复用性,有利于整体技术方案的快速推广。

In order to solve the problem of low timeliness and unclear demand for major natural disaster relief,a major natural disaster emergency rescue platform based on B/S architecture was developed by the authors using GIS,simulation,internet of things,intelligent terminal and other technologies. The platform includes key functional modules for rapid assessment of major natural disaster losses and social impacts,rapid assessment of emergency response needs and capabilities,emergency aid dispatching and so on. It has been operating in National Disaster Reduction Center and more than 50 counties in Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Hainan and Yunnan. According to the actual application demonstration effect of these regions,the platform has played a decision-supporting role in the rapid assessment of major natural disaster losses and the needs assessment of emergency assistance. Its technical and functional framework has strong reusability and is of beneficial to the rapid promotion of the overall technical solution.