基于现代分子生物学法追溯水体中粪便污染源

Based on Modern Molecular Biology Method to Trace the Source of Fecal Pollution in Water Bodies

研究表明不同生物体粪便中含有已知或未知的病原微生物,所以动物体粪便的排放会携带这些病原微生物到自然水体中,严重污染了水体环境甚至危害人体健康。如何快速、准确鉴定出水体受到的粪便污染来源对进一步研究水体中可能存在的病原微生物至关重要,这也成为目前科学研究的热点。传统的通过监测粪便指示菌的方法指示污染不仅耗时费力,最重要的是它并不能区别出粪便污染的来源。微生物溯源技术(microbial source tracking,MST)的逐渐发展弥补了传统方法的不足,尤其是利用宿主特异性DNA标记物来指示污染源的方法已经取得了突破性进展,并具有高效、快速的特点。该文主要是针对微生物溯源技术的介绍以及如何利用现代分子生物学技术快速追溯水体中粪便污染源的概述。

Studies have shown that different organisms feces contain known or unknown pathogenic microorganisms, so excreta of animal feces will carry these pathogenic microorganisms into natural water bodies, which would serious pollute the water environment and even endanger human health. How to quickly and accurately identify the source of fecal pollution from the water body is of great importance to the further study of possible pathogenic microorganisms in water, which is also the hotspot of scientific research. The traditional method of monitoring fecal indicator bacteria is not only time consuming and laborious, but most importantly, it can not distinguish the sources of fecal contamination. The gradual development of microbial source tracking（MST） makes up for the deficiency of traditional methods, in particular, the use of host-specific DNA markers to indicate the source of pollution has made a major breakthrough, with high efficiency and rapid characteristics. The paper is an overview of the microbial source tracking and how to use modern molecular biology techniques to quickly trace the sources of fecal contamination in water bodies.