VUCA与新时代的创业研究——“2018年创业研究前沿专题论坛”观点综述

VUCA and the Entrepreneurship Research in New Era: Summary of 2018 Forum on the Frontiers of Entrepreneurship

2018年5月26—27日,吉林大学管理学院与《外国经济与管理》杂志社成功举办了"2018年中国创业研究前沿专题论坛"。此次论坛的主题为"VUCA与新时代的创业研究"。代表性观点包括:(1)采用一体化视角将机会与资源整合在一起,并基于特定情境解读机会开发行为与资源开发行为的关系,这有助于创业企业的快速发展以及其战略体系迅速有效地形成;创业企业尤其要强调并关注情境维度和情境属性与机会开发和资源开发两大类行为的互动,从创业生态系统视角强调机会资源一体化的互动与演进。(2)基于适配,即"Fit"视角研究了不同要素的匹配对创新和绩效的影响,进一步将单维影响拓展到了双维和多维交互视角,利用适配观点为新创企业的双元创新和绩效的改善提出了新的路径。(3)VUCA背景下响应机制的建立,有助于创业企业迅速并有效地对竞争对手和外部网络关系的演变进行回应,利用信号理论从竞争者行为互动视角为创业企业构建了一种可以指导其在快速迭代背景下制定战略决策的理论体系。(4)认知理论作为创业研究的基础理论之一,指导创业企业和创业者从认知风格和认知变革出发探究它们对创业过程、创业学习和创业失败的影响,这对于创业企业而言具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。(5)强调不同能力元素的独特性。创业企业的发展离不开能力体系的构建与延伸,能力的动态演进及其与绩效的关系一直是创业研究领域的热门议题。中国创业研究学者应该从中国情境出发研究创业企业的能力多元化,如动态能力、即兴能力、响应能力等,为创业企业勾勒出较为清晰的能力体系框架并指导它们披荆前行。

On May 26—27, 2018, a forum of ＂Frontiers of Entrepreneurship＂ was convened by Foreign Economics Management and School of Management Jilin University. The topic of it is＂VUCA and the Entrepreneurship Research in New Era＂, and the representative viewpoints are as follows：（1） The coevolution perspective suggests that opportunities and resources coevolve in their differentiated structures, they are mutually conditional and interdependent in the process of entrepreneurship. The resource-based view suggests that resources are the source of competitive advantages, and unique resources form opportunities. The opportunity-led perspective argues that theentrepreneurial behavior is a collection of opportunity discovery,evaluation,and utilization,opportunities shape resource integration.The coevolution perspective gives a comprehensive interpretation of the relationship between exploitation behaviors of opportunities and resources in specific situations,by which,it contributes to the rapid development of startups and the prompt and effective formation of the strategic system.Start-up enterprises therefore should especially emphasize the interaction between dimensions and attributes of contexts and exploitation behaviors of opportunities and resources,and lay stress on the interaction and evolution of opportunity-resource integration basedelements.The research on the perspective of＂Fit＂explores the impacts of matches of different elements on innovation and performance,making the effects of which witching from uni-dimensional to dualdimensional,even multi-dimensional interaction,which can not only give new paths for innovation ambidexterity and performance improvement of new ventures,but also explain the full picture of complex entrepreneurial phenomena.（3）An extensive body of knowledge exists on how stiff competition and network structures may contribute to the creation of outcomes at different levels of analyses,but less attention has been paid to understanding how and why new ventures evolve and change.Entrepreneurial activities change dynamically with time and space.In order to survive,new ventures need to grasp the clues of these changes and establish response mechanisms,which helps the start-ups to respond quickly and effectively to competitors and to the evolution of network relationships in the context of＂VUCA＂.With the instruction of the signal theory and the perspective of social network embeddedness,scholars can formulate a synthesized theoretical system to explain the diverse responsive actions,which can guide the decision-making in the context of fast iteration.（4）The cognitive theory,as one of the basic theories of entrepreneurship research,guides business start-ups and entrepreneurs to explore the impacts of cognitive styles,cognitive abilities and cognitive changes on the entrepreneurial process,learning and entrepreneurs＇ willingness to start a business after previous entrepreneurial failure.Cognition refers to the capacity to mentally process,comprehend and manipulate information.Cognition-based entrepreneurial learning to a great extent can not only improve the cognitive ability,and ensure the correctness of direction in the process of entrepreneurship,but also strengthen the practical value of corrective behaviors,which in turn can help entrepreneurs face the failure of business calmly,and therefore promote the willingness to start a business again.（5）It is not excessive to emphasize the uniqueness of capability.The development of new ventures is inseparable from the construction and extending of the capability system.The dynamic evolution of capability and its relationship with performance have been hot topics in the field of entrepreneurship research.In the transitional economic context of China,it is advisable for entrepreneurship researchers to study capability diversification,such as dynamic capability,operational capability,improvisational capability,responsive capability,and so on,to outline a coherent framework of the capability system for business startups,making them go smoothly on the guidance of it.