全球钴矿资源分布与找矿潜力

GLOBAL COBALT RESOURCES DISTRIBUTION AND EXPLORATION POTENTIALS

钴是新兴的能源材料,近年来随着需求的日益扩大,钴成为全球勘查开发和投资并购的热点矿种。钴很少独立成矿,多作为铜、镍、铁等矿种的伴生金属产出,含钴矿床可划分为风化型红土镍-钴矿床、沉积型砂岩铜-钴矿床、岩浆岩型铜-镍-钴硫化物矿床、热液型钴矿床4个类型。钴矿资源在全球范围内分布极不均衡,全球陆地探明总储量八成以上分布在刚果(金)、澳大利亚、古巴、赞比亚、菲律宾、加拿大和俄罗斯等少数几个国家,此外还有大量的钴资源分布在洋底多金属结壳内。我国是钴产品生产和消费大国,但国内钴矿资源极其匮乏,对外依存度极高。非洲中部、大洋洲、拉丁美洲北部、东南亚和北美洲是钴矿资源找矿潜力较大的地区,应关注重要资源国及潜力区,以多种形式获得境外优质钴矿资源,提高资源储备,加强供应保障。

Cobalt as a new energy material becomes a hot commodity in global exploration and investment as its demands are surging. Cobalt,rarely as an independent ore,coexists with copper,nickel and iron ore. Cobalt-bearing deposits can be classified as weathering laterite nickel-cobalt deposit, sedimentary sand copper-cobalt deposit,magmatic copper-nickel-cobalt sulfides deposit and geothermal cobalt deposit. Cobalt resources are not even distributing globally; 80% of explored reserves are concentrating in Congo,Australia,Cuba,Zambia,Philippines,Canada and Russia. Much cobalt resources are hosted in the ocean floor. China is a big cobalt producer and consumer,but lacks cobalt resources with dependence upon exports. Central Africa,Oceania,northern Latin America,south-eastern Asia and North America are of big potential for cobalt exploration. China shall focus on such areas to acquire overseas highquality cobalt resources so as to increase reserves and guarantee supplies.