人的自由全面发展与综合技术教育

Development of Human Being and Poly-technological Education

资本主义社会导致了"人的问题",即人不但丧失了自由个性,而且由于片面发展而成为机器附属物和简单的生产工具,因而导致了人失去了社会生活所应该蕴含的价值和意义。"人的问题"的根本原因是资本主义私有制,直接原因是资本主义私有制导致的"异化了的分工"。在未来共产主义社会,要解决"人的问题",一方面要推翻资本主义私有制,彻底消灭"异化了的分工"的经济基础;另一方面需要借助"综合技术教育",促进人的自由全面发展。综合技术教育的"多元"本质能够促进劳动者在不同部门之间自由流动,进而恢复其自由个性;它的技术(工艺)内容则能够让人的社会关系日益丰富,进而为恢复人的意义提供社会基础。

Capitalist society causes the ＂problem of human being＂, i.e. ＂loss of freedom＂ and ＂loss of meaning＂. In my opinion, its final cause is the capitalist private property; however, its direct reason is ＂alienated division of labor＂ caused by the private property. The ways which solve this problem is, on the one hand, to transform the capitalist society and abolish the economic basement of ＂alienated division of labor＂, on the other hand, to realize the liberal and full development of human being by poly-technological education in future society. The ＂plural＂ and fluent essence ofpoly-technological education can help to abolish the condition of＂alienation＂ of laborer; poly-technological education can recover the freedom and meaning of human being for the sake of its emphasis on technology or technique.