保育猪舍空气、粪便、鼻腔黏液及猪组织器官的微生物群落多样性分析

Analysis of the diversity of microbial communities in the aerosol in weaning pig house and in the feces,nasal mucus and pig tissues of weaning pigs

为了探寻规模化猪场封闭舍内空气微生物和猪体微生物菌群结构、丰度之间的相关性,建立完善的消毒防疫机制,在山西省介休市某规模化猪场选取单栋饲养量为500头的半封闭保育猪舍1栋,分别采集舍内空气（n=9）、鼻腔黏液（n=7）、粪便（n=7）、猪组织器官（n=4）（喉头、气管、淋巴、肺部）共27个样本,对样本中的细菌进行16S r DNA（V3＋V4区）高通量测序,分析微生物群落种类及丰度。结果显示：猪舍空气样本中的微生物群落种类和丰度最高,空气样本和猪鼻腔黏液、粪便、猪组织器官样本的微生物组成和相对丰度基本一致,所占比例最高的为厚壁菌门,其次为拟杆菌门,丰度较高的菌种为梭菌、链球菌、普雷沃氏菌、乳酸菌等;猪舍空气样本菌群中丰度较高的病原菌属为梭菌属和链球菌属。结果表明：保育猪舍空气、鼻腔黏液、粪便、猪组织器官中的微生物群落结构及其丰度具有较高的相关性,对猪场疾病防控有一定指导意义。

In order to explore the correlation between the structure and abundance of aerosol microbes and the abundance of piglet microorganisms in enclosed houses of large-scale pig farms,and to establish complete disinfection and epidemic prevention mechanisms,a semiclosed weaning pig house with a breeding capacity of 500 piglets was selected in Jiexiu City,Shanxi Province. A total of 27 samples were collected from the aerosol in the house,and from the nasal mucus,feces,tissues（ larynx,trachea,lymph and lung） of the weaning pigs. The16 S r DNA（ V3＋V4） high-throughput sequencing of bacteria in the samples was carried out to analyze the diversity and abundance of microbial communities. The results showed that the species and abundance of microbial communities in the aerosol of the weaning pig house were the highest,and the species composition and the relative abundance between the aerosol and the nasal mucus,faeces,tissues were consistent. Firmicutes were the bacteriophyta of the highest percentage,followed by Bacteroidetes. The bacteria of higher abundance were Clostridium,Streptococcus,Prevotella,and lactic acid bacteria. Statistics of pathogens of high abundance in the weaning pig house showed that the bacteria of the highest abundance were Clostridium and Streptococcus,which provided the basis for the disinfection and disease prevention on pig farms. In conclusion,this experiment proved that there was high correlation between the aerosol and nasal mucus,faeces and tissues in the weaning pig house in terms of variety and abundance of microbial communities,which would be a helpful reference for disease prevention and control onscale pig farms.