滴灌条件下不同基追肥比例对马铃薯生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Ratio of Base Fertilizer to Topdressing on Growth,Development,Yield and Economic Benefit of Potato Under Drip Irrigation

等养分量条件下,设置全基肥、全追肥及不同基追肥比例,研究滴灌条件下不同基追肥比例对马铃薯植株生长发育、养分变化、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,不同处理的生育期进程基本同步,植株生长指标(出苗率、茎粗、主茎数、分枝数)无显著差异,但对经济指标(产量、单株块茎数、商品薯率和经济效益)影响显著,基追肥比例对产量的贡献大小表现为基追肥处理>全追肥处理>全基肥处理。从产量、经济性状和经济效益指标综合考虑,试验条件下的T5处理为最佳处理,即基施15%氮钾和60%磷条件下,折算公顷产量、商品薯率和产投比最高,分别为49 243 kg/hm2、90.33%和1.87。建立了基于T5处理模式下品种‘大西洋’叶柄氮钾养分快速评价指标,即开花期至成熟期叶柄NO3--N和K+含量为390.00～1 333.33 mg/L(NO3--N)和5 033.33～7 566.67 mg/L(K+),对大田马铃薯生产具有参考意义。

The effects of different ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing on the growth and development, nutrient change, yield and economic benefit of potato were investigated under drip irrigation with the equal nutrient content. The growth stages were basically identical and there was no significant difference in plant growth index （emergence rate, stem diameter, number of main stems, and number of branches）, but the economic indicators including yield, number of tubers per plant, marketable tuber percentage and economic benefit were significantly impacted under different treatments, and the impacts of treatments on yield of potato were as the followings： different base fertilizer to topdressing ratios treatments 〉 top dressing only treatment 〉 base fertilizer only treatment. In this experiment, T5 （15% N, 15% K and 60% P used as base fertilizer） was the optimal treatment by taking into account of yield, economic traits and economic benefit indicators, that was, the yield,marketable tuber percentage and production to investment ratio were the highest, reached up to 49 243 kg/ha, 90.33% and 1.87, respectively. A rapid evaluation index of nitrogen and potassium nutrients in petiole of‘Atlantic＇ was established based on T5 treatment mode, that was the range of NO3-N and K＋ was 390.00-1 333.33 mg/L and 5 033.33-7 566,67 mg/L in the petiole during flowering and maturity, which might have a certain reference value for potato production in the field.