网络战视域下的“诉诸战争权”——以《联合国宪章》第二条第四款、第五十一条为展开

“JUS AD BELLUM” FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INFORMATION OPERATION——Starting with Article 2(4) and Article 51 of the U.N. Charter

网络战作为战争的一种新形式,应当纳入以《联合国宪章》(以下简称"《宪章》")为首的国际法的规制,但以现有主流学者对《宪章》的理解,很难明晰网络战的法律性质,即该行为是否构成《宪章》第二条第四款的"武力",以及面对等同于军事武力的网络攻击或其威胁,以网络攻击行为自我防卫是否可援引自卫条款。明确此问题,在遵循国际法一般原则的指导下,既涉及新环境下对《宪章》的理解,同时也须考虑国家利益,因而应当逐案解释,不能一以概之。同时,一旦真正受到网络攻击,在行为合理、必要且符合比例原则时,可援引《宪章》第五十一条之自卫权。

As a new form of war, information operation should be regulated by international law reprsented by the U.N. Charter. However, in view of the mainstream scholars＇ interpretations of the U.N. Charter, it is difficult to clarify the legal nature of information operation, i.e. whether it constitutes ＂force＂ in Article 2（4） and whether it can invoke self- defense clauses in the face of network attacks or threats equivalent to armed force. To clarify this issue, both the interpretation of the U.N. Charter under new circumstances and the national interests should be taken into consideration under the general principles of international law. Therefore, it shall not be generalized but examined on a case - by - case basis. Meanwhile, in case of an actual network attack, Article 51 of the U.N. Charter may be invoked as the right of self - defense when the conduct is reasonable, necessary and in accordance with the principle of proportionality.