从波普尔批判《理想国》看波普尔政治哲学的根本问题

AN ANALYSIS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF POPPER'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY BASED ON HIS CRITICISM OF THE REPUBLIC

卡尔·波普尔是20世纪著名的西方哲学家之一,他所提出的批判理性主义及开放社会理论在学界引起持续热议。波普尔的政治哲学观点集中体现在其著作《开放社会及其敌人》和《历史决定论的贫困》中。波普尔对历史主义的批判也持续引起理论学界的争议。波普尔认为柏拉图及《理想国》是历史主义和极权主义的起源,对《理想国》批判成为波普尔政治哲学论述的出发点。分析了波普尔政治哲学的根本问题,通过研究波普尔对《理想国》的批判的过程,分析波普尔政治哲学中的几个根本问题,对波普尔的观点及合理性进行了探析。

Karl Popper is one of many famous western philosophers in the 20th century. Popper＇ s critical rationalism and his theory of open society have provoked considerable controversy in the academic community.Popper＇ s works, The Open Society and Its Enemies and The Poverty of Historicism, epitomize his political theory. His criticism of historicism is also controversial. Popper believes that Plato＇ s The Republic is the origin of historicism and totalitarianism, making his criticism of The Republic a starting point to discuss his political philosophy. The research examines the process of Popper＇ s criticism of The Republic, analyzes the fundamental issues of his political philosophy, and probes into the rationality of his thesis.