晚清“就地正法”的“变例”性考察

Insights into the Variation of Jiudizhengfa in the Late Qing Dynasty

自清代中叶开始,在司法实践过程中,死刑案件的审判程序日渐多样化。作为区别于常规审判程序的特别死刑审判程序,咸丰三年普适于全国的就地正法即是其中一例。就地正法具有适用对象明确、程序简略及处罚从重的特征。作为晚清政府挽救政治合法性危机的产物,就地正法的适用破坏了既有的审判制度,其苛猛的性质同时损毁了其自身及晚清政权的合法性。

From the middle of the Qing Dynasty, death penalty judgment process became increasingly diverse. As a spe- cial death penalty judgment process, Jiudizhengfa was generally applicable to all parts of the country in 1853. And Jiudizhengfa has such features as well-targeted, simpler procedure and more severe punishment. In dealing with the crisis of political legitima- cy, Jiudizhengfa achieved some effects, but at the same time destroyed the existence of judicial system and the legitimacy of the regime in the late Qing Dynasty.