纳萨尔派的意识形态及其争论

The Ideology of Naxalites and Its Controversy

印度的纳萨尔派信奉毛主义,主张以中国式革命道路夺取国家政权。在历史上,印共受中苏意识形态分歧的影响,并一度成为中苏意识形态斗争的试验场,双方都试图在印度验证自己的革命理论。在国内外各种因素的作用下,印度共产主义运动内部不断地出现分化,先后成立的印共、印共(马)和印共(马列)之间存在着意识形态的分歧,具体而言,它们在统治阶级的性质、国家属性、议会政治、主要矛盾(敌人)以及革命道路等问题上存在根本性冲突。以印共(毛)为代表的纳萨尔派提出了关于印度革命的理论、纲领、战略和战术,主张以毛主义为思想武器,采取农民武装斗争的方式推翻印度资本主义政权。而主张议会政治实践的传统左派批评以纳萨尔派为代表的激进左派,认为印度自独立以来土地所有制的性质已经发生了变革,它从根本上改变了半封建的生产关系,以土地制度为基础的社会等级体系也发生了重大变化,印度也不是半殖民地国家,但政治经济领域的这种转型并没有反映在纳萨尔派的革命策略中。从世界范围内来看,纳萨尔主义是一种地方性的毛主义,作为一种意识形态,它在低种姓和部落群体中具有相当程度的合法性,并为组织民众进行武装斗争提供了强有力的思想武器。

The Naxalites believed in Maoism,insisting through Chinese revolutionary model to seize Indian'state power. In history,the Communist Party of India was influenced by the ideological dispute between the Soviet Union and China that both tried to prove their theories in India,and once become the testing ground of Sino-Soviet conflict.Influenced by international and domestic factors,the Indian Communist movement emerged internal splits because of CPI,CPI( M) and CPI( ML) having ideological divergences. Specifically speaking,they have fundamental conflicts on the issues of the nature of ruling classes,the character of the state,parliamentary politics,major contradictions(enemy) and revolutionary roads. The naxalites represent CPI(Maoism) that proposes specific revolutionary theory,programme,strategy and tactics. The traditional Left Wing which adopted parliamentary politics criticized radical Left Wing that represented by naxalites considered that the land ownership had changed since Indian independence,semi-feudal production relationships fundamentally changed and the social hierarchy also changed radically which based on land system. But this transformation in agricultural economy didn't reflected in the revolutionary strategies of Naxalites. On the worldwide scope,the Naxalism as an ideology is an Indian version of Maoism,has high legitimacy in Dalits and Adivasis,and will continue to provide the philosophy of organized armed struggle for the Indian low class people.