印度尼西亚“东西方文化论战”与中国“新文化运动”之比较

Comparative Studies on Indonesia's Culture Polemic and China's New Culture Movement

印度尼西亚与中国都属于第三世界后发国家。在现代化过程中,两国文化都面临西方文化的冲击,原有的民族文化身份受到严峻挑战。本土传统与西方价值的冲突和融合共同构成了两国文化内部复杂的张力,导致两国文化都具有"混合文化"的特点。印尼"东西方文化论战"与中国"新文化运动"都是发生在民族危机时期、由先进知识分子倡导、注重培养和塑造理想青年人格的文化革新运动,是应对东西方文化矛盾、进行主体文化建构的重大尝试,核心都是通过对比西方价值与本土传统的优劣异同来促进思想变革,对两国确立民族文化发展方向都具有由"破"到"立"的历史转折意义。在运动之中产生的保守主义和激进主义相互作用,在紧张中保持动态的平衡,对于文化变革都产生了深远影响。通过比较研究印尼"东西方文化论战"和中国"新文化运动",不仅能够了解两国回应西方强势文化渗透、消解西方文化霸权、改善边缘化处境、保持民族独特性的尝试,还能够通过把握文化间的同一和差异,引导中印尼文化间对话,谋求文化间的深层理解和沟通。

Both Indonesia and China belong to the post-modernity countries of the third world. In the process of modernization,both cultures faced with the impact of western culture,and the original national cultural identities were severely challenged. The conflict and integration of local traditions and western values together constituted the complex tensions within the cultures,which led to the characteristics of " mixed culture" in both countries. Indonesia's Culture Polemic and China's New Culture Movement both were cultural reform movements in times of national crisis,led by advanced intellectuals and focusing on cultivating and shaping the ideal personality of young people. They were important attempts to deal with the contradiction between eastern and western cultures and significant for historical cultural transition of the two countries,and constructed the national culture by comparing the similarities and differences between western values and local traditions. The conservatism and radicalism in the movements that interacted and kept dynamic balance had a profound impact on cultural change. To compare Indonesia's Culture Polemic and China's New Culture Movement can not only understand the response to penetration of strong western culture,dispel the hegemony of western culture,improve the marginalized situation,try to keep national uniqueness,but also through the cultural similarities and differences trigger intercultural dialogue between cultures,and seek deep understanding and communication between China and Indonesia.