孔子自由与秩序思想中的道德立场与价值关怀

Moral Standpoint and Value Concern in Confucius Thought of Liberty and Order

孔子政治主张的伦理性立场,决定了他对个体自由与社会秩序的理解是具有道德性的自由与价值关怀的秩序的统一。自由以"道"为准则,力求通过道德自觉积极争取政治、经济、道德等全面自由的实现,因而拒斥任意的、无序的自由与肤浅或徒有形式的自由;"礼"的秩序以"仁"为核心价值关怀,融道德、正义、情感与规范为一体,为个体自由提供外在担保,因而不相冲突。道德的突出与价值的安立具有重建个体生命价值与社会文化认同的双重意义,不仅为个体在迅速变化的现代社会中提供认同和归属感,也纠偏个人主义与唯利是图观念,更促进社会整体的稳定、和谐与发展,从而为现代社会治理和道德重建提供了启示。

From the ethical standpoint on political thinking,Confucius considers that moral liberty and value-concerned order do not conflict with each other. Liberty is not arbitrary or willful,because it takes＂Dao＂as the principle. It encourages people to make decision on how to realize his right and value by himself,which ends up with a moral being and moral realm.＂Value-concerned order＂presumes that order contains some other values rather than exist independently. The rite（ ＂Li＂） Confucius hoped for reconstructing is based on the spirit of Benevolence（ ＂Ren＂）,bringing morals,justice,emotion and norms together. It provides personal identity and belongingness,and promotes social development and harmony.What Confucius thought avoids liberty and order becoming featherbrained and inane,and offers traditional resources and referential views for the unity of individual and society in modern governance.