精神专科医院护理人员防御方式及其与人格特征的关系

Relationship Between Defense Style and Personality Characteristics of Nursing Staff in Psychiatric Hospital

目的：探讨精神专科医院护理人员的防御方式状况及其与人格特征的关系。方法：采用防御方式问卷（DSQ）和明尼苏达多项人格测验（MMPI）对精神专科医院中347名护理人员进行测查,然后对测查数据进行统计学分析。结果：精神专科医院男护理人员不成熟防御机制得分显著低于女护理人员不成熟防御机制得分（t=-2.460,P〈0.05）。男护理人员D、Mf、Pa、Pt、Si分量表得分均显著低于女护理人员的得分（t=-3. 746,P 〈0. 001;t=-16.455,P〈0.001;t=-3.197,P〈0.01;t=-2.309,P〈0.05;t=-2.449,P〈0.05）。不成熟防御机制总分、中间型防御机制总分与Hs、D、Pd、Pt、Sc、Ma、Si均呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。掩饰机制总分与Hs、Pd、Pt、Sc、Ma、Si均呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与D（P〈0.05）呈显著正相关。成熟防御机制总分仅与Pt、Si呈显著正相关（r=0.153,P〈0.01;r=0.109,P〈0.05）,与Hy、Pa均呈显著负相关（r=-0.281,P〈0.01;r=-0.124,P〈0.05）。不成熟防御机制总分与Hy呈显著负相关（r=-0.209,P〈0.01）。中间型防御机制总分与Hy、Mf呈显著负相关（r=-0.321,P〈0.01;r=-0.132,P〈0.05）。掩饰机制总分与Hy、Mf呈显著负相关（r=-0.318,P〈0.01;r=-0.165,P〈0.01）。结论：精神专科医院护理人员中,女护理人员比男护理人员更倾向于采用不成熟防御机制应对压力、焦虑;女护理人员相比男护理人员更易表现出忧郁、悲观、好攻击、多疑、敏感、紧张、焦虑、不安、固执、退缩、回避、过分自我控制等人格特征;具有依赖、外露、自恋、缺乏自知力、多疑、烦恼及过分敏感等人格特征的护理人员相对来说更少倾向于应用成熟防御机制来解决问题。具有疑病倾向、忧郁、悲观、有复仇攻击观念、紧张、焦虑、不安、强迫、行为退缩、情感脆弱、夸大、内向、胆小、固执、过分自我控制、不善交际等人格特征的护理人员更倾向于应用不成熟防御机制、中间型防御机制及掩饰机制。

Objective：To explore the defense style of nurses in psychiatric hospital and its relationship with personality characteristics.Methods：DSQ and MMPI were applied to test 347 nurses in psychiatric hospital,then the test data were analyzed statistically.Results：In psychiatric hospital,the score of immature defense mechanism of male nurses was significantly lower than that of female nurse（ t =-2. 460,P〈0. 05）. The scores of D,Mf,Pa,Pt and Si of male nurses were significantly lower than those of female nurses（ t =-3.746,-16.455,-3.197,-2.309,-2.449;P〈0.05）.The total score of immature defense mechanism and total score of intermediate defense mechanism were significantly positively correlated with Hs,D,Pd,Pt,Sc,Ma and Si（ P〈0.01）.The total score of cover up mechanism was significantly positively correlated with Hs,Pd,Pt,Sc,Ma and Si（ P〈0.01）,was significantly positively correlated with D（ P〈0.05）.The total score of mature defense mechanism was only positively correlated with Pt and Si（ r = 0.153,0.109;P〈0.05）,was significantly negative correlated with Hy and Pa（ r=-0.281,-0.124;P〈0.05）.The total score of immature defense mechanism was significantly negatively correlated with Hy（ r=-0.209,P〈0.01）.The total score of intermediate defense mechanism was significantly negative correlated with Hy and Mf（r=-0.321,-0.132;P〈0.05）.The total score of cover up mechanism was significantly negative correlated with Hy and Mf（r=-0.318,-0.165;P〈0.01）.Conclusion：In psychiatric hospital nursing staff,female nurses are more inclined to use immature defense mechanism to deal with stress and anxiety than male nurses.Female nurses are more likely to show depression,pessimism,good attack,suspicious,sensitive,nervous,anxiety,uneasiness,stubbornness,withdrawal,avoidance,excessive self-control,etc.Nursing staff with personality characteristics such as dependence,exposure,narcissism,lack of insight,suspicious,worry and too much are less inclined to apply mature defense mechanism to solve problems.Nurses with personality traits such as tendency of suspected disease,depression,pessimism,aggressive attitude,tension,anxiety,uneasiness,compulsion,withdrawal,weakness,exaggeration,introversion,timidity,obstinacy,excessive self-control,improper communication,etc,are more inclined to apply immature defense mechanism,intermediate defense mechanism and cover up mechanism.