我国农村女性空巢老人社区养老面临的问题及其解决

The Community Care Issue and the Solution of Rural Female Empty Nesters in China

我国社会快速的老龄化与城镇化引致大量空巢老人的出现,其中1/2以上在农村,又以女性居多,农村女性空巢老人养老成为不容忽视的严重问题。农村女性空巢老人养老的个性特征反映了她们的养老需求,满足其需求的养老供给有三种可选方式:家庭养老、机构养老和社区养老。综合考虑社会、经济等因素,社区养老成为主导的选择。在现实生活中,农村女性空巢老人社区养老存在诸多困境,这种困境的摆脱有赖于社区集体经济收入的增加、分层分类养老服务的提供、农村法制建设的加强和积极养老的社会认知。只有满足了上述条件,才能保证农村女性空巢老人的社区养老得以实施和持续发展。

The rapid ageing population and urbanization in China have led to the massgrowth of empty nesters. Above half of the people with empty nest syndromes reside in rural areas,with females being the majority.Therefore,providing care for these people has become a noteworthy issue. The needs of female pensioners have been significantly reflected through characteristics. Three options are suggested to meet the needs of the female empty nesters： home care,institutional care and community care. Community care is the optimial choice considering social and economic effects. However,obstacles are to be overcome for elderly women living apart from their offspring. Only by way of increasing the collective income of the community,providing diversified aged care services,improving rural legal systems and raising the awareness of active care plans can,the community care for female empty nesters be implemented and achieve sustainable development.