文化差异比制度差异更重要吗?:来自中国对非洲出口的经验证据

Is Cultural Distance more Significant than Institutional Distance? Empirical Evidence from China's Export to Africa

在国际经济新形势下,文化差异和制度差异在国际贸易中的作用愈发明显,近期学界将之视为研究的重点方向。"一带一路"倡议体现了完善全球治理体系的中国担当,而其重要立足点落于亚欧非。作为"一带一路"倡议重要节点的非洲大陆,在实现习近平主席倡导的"贸易畅通"过程中,必须处理好相互之间的文化差异和制度差异问题。文章以此为出发点,利用2003～2015年中国对非洲16个国家的出口数据,研究了文化差异和制度差异对中非贸易的影响。结果表明,文化差异对中非贸易的影响比制度差异更重要;中非文化差异的出口效应独立于制度差异;文化差异的出口效应因非洲国家经济发展水平不平衡而不同,但制度差异对出口的影响并未发生变化;不确定性规避等四个维度文化差异以及表达与问责制度差异对中非贸易的影响程度远大于其他维度文化和制度差异。

Under the new international economic situation,the impact of cultural distance and institutional distance on international trade is increasingly obvious,which is also becoming the priority of the academia. This paper uses data on China's export to 16 African countries during 2003 to 2015,and studies the impact of cultural distance and institutional distance on China's export to Africa. The results demonstrate that( 1) cultural distance is more significance than institutional distance in terms of influencing China's exports to Africa;( 2) cultural distance has effects on export separating from institutional distance;( 3) the imbalance of economic development in African countries influences the effects of cultural distance on exports,rather than the effects of institutional distance on exports;( 4) the four dimensions of cultural distance like uncertainty avoidance and the dimension of institutional distance like voice and accountability have more significant influence on Sino-Africa trade than the other cultural distance and institutional distance.