帮助HIV感染儿童的青年志愿者压力与应对的定性研究

Qualitative research of stress and coping in young volunteers who help children living with HIV

目的:探讨青年志愿者在AIDS志愿服务中面临的压力源及其应对方式。方法:对非盈利性AIDS治疗机构中直接为HIV感染儿童提供服务的9名17~23岁志愿者进行半结构式个别访谈,以主题分析法建构结果框架。结果:受访志愿者面临着对AIDS志愿服务选择、能力和资源的全面挑战,经历了污名相关压力(如亲友不理解)、助人关系相关压力(如交流与关系建立的困难)与任务相关压力(如多重任务压力);他们采用多样化策略应对多重挑战,包括问题中心应对(如解释实情)、情绪中心应对(如寻求情感支持)与意义中心应对(如获益发现)。结论:帮助HIV感染儿童的青年志愿者缺乏充足资源去全面有效应对AIDS志愿服务的多重挑战,AIDS志愿组织须提供有针对性的培训、支持和督导。

Objective： To explore the stressors experienced by young AIDS（ acquired immune deficiency syndrome） volunteers and the strategies employed in coping with these stressors. Methods： Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine volunteers（ aged 17 to 23 years） who directly provided services for children living with HIV in a non-profit AIDS therapeutic institution. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data and construct the framework of results. Results： The volunteers were confronted with multifaceted challenges from AIDS volunteering,including stigma-related stressors（ e. g., lack of familial support）, relationship-related stressors（ e. g.,difficulties in communicating and relationship building） and task-related stressors（ e. g.,multiple tasks）.Problem-focused（ e. g.,explaining the truth）,emotion-focused（ e. g.,seeking emotional support） and meaningfocused（ e. g.,benefit finding） coping strategies were employed to manage their stresses. Conclusion： The young AIDS volunteers do not have adequate resources to cope with their stresses fully and effectively during AIDS volunteering. AIDS organizations should pay attention to the issue of stress management and provide targeted training,support and supervision for the volunteers.