从“人德”到“医德”的变迁:近代中国医德解析——以《医业伦理学》为代表

Changes from “Individual Morality” to “Medical Morality” :Analysis of the Medical Morality in Modern China:Take Medical Ethics as An Example

传统医德深受儒家伦理的影响,具有"人德"的内涵和理论形态。近代,随着中国医学在理论和社会存在形态两方面的巨大变化,以《医业伦理学》为代表,在"伦理学"的基础上更多地关联着医学职业来把握对医德的认识,从而实现了中国医德从"人德"到"医德"的转变。这些转变主要有三方面表现。第一,医学职业由"道德化"到"职业化"。第二,医德机制由"体仁"到寻求制度与组织。第三,理想人格由"仁人"到"良医"。在中国医德的历史上,近代医德是一个承前启后的阶段。

Chinese traditional medical morality is deeply influenced by Confucian ethics and has the connotation and theoretical form of ＂individual morality＂. In modern times, with the tremendous changes of Chinese medicine in both theoretical and social forms, Medical Ethics, as a representative book, is more related to the medical profession to grasp the understanding of medical morality on the basis of ＂ethics＂, thus realizing the transformation of Chinese medical ethics from ＂individual morality＂ to ＂medical morality＂. First, the medical profession has been changed from ＂moralization＂ to ＂professionalization＂. Second, the mechanism of medical ethics changed from ＂realizing benevolence＂ to seeking system and organization. Third, the ideal personality changed from ＂benevolent person＂ to ＂good doctor＂. In the history of Chinese medical morality, the modern medical morality is a link between the past and the future.