中国人群食物频率法的建立与应用

Establishment and application of food frequency questionnaire method among Chinese

目的建立、验证并推广中国人群食物频率评价方法。方法 1996—1999年开展"膳食、生活方式与慢性疾病的前瞻性研究"对1. 2万人群进行调查,建立包括17类食物的简化食物频率问卷(FFQ); 1998—2000年,"中国对不同菜系地区居民膳食、营养与健康特点的研究"中对四个菜系地区540名中老年人进行调查,建立了包括16类84种食物的FFQ长问卷;于1999—2001年进行"用食物频率法对中国人膳食及营养状况进行评价的信度与效度研究",所用问卷包括17类149种食物,共有300名成年人参加。结果建立并验证了适合中国膳食特点的、可用于不同规模、不同目的 FFQ膳食调查法。2002年至今,食物频率法被推广应用在20余项各种膳食评价目的的国内外研究中,包括在国家级调查和监测工作中持续使用。结论中国食物频率法的建立和应用推动了中国膳食评价方法的进步,为评价长期膳食习惯和营养状况对健康的影响建立了可行的方法。

Objective To establish, validate and promote the method of food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）in Chinese population. Methods From 1996 to 1999, ＂Prospective study on diet, lifestyle and chronic diseases＂ was conducted, and 12 000 Chinese residents were investigated. A simplified FFQ including 17 types of foods was first established. In 1998, ＂ Study on the characteristics of diet, nutrition and health of residents in different cuisines in China＂ was conducted, which surveyed 540 middle-aged and senior people in four cuisine region and a more comprehensive FFQ including 84 types of food in 16 categories was established. From 1999 to 2001, ＂ Study on the reliability and validity of food frequency questionnaire for Chinese diet and nutritional status＂ was conducted, which surveyed 300 adults and the questionnaire contained 17 types and 149 kinds of food. Results Studies above established and verified the FFQ which is suitable for Chinese dietary characteristics and can be applied for different scales. Since 2002, the method of FFQ has been widely applied in more than 20 domestic and foreign studies for dietary evaluations, which contained national surveys and monitoring projects. Conclusion The establishment and application of Chinese FFQ method has promoted the development of Chinese dietary assessment and established a scientific and feasible standard to assess the impacts of long-term dietary habits and nutritional status on health.