城市住宅基准地价的三维可视化与空间形态分析——以武汉市中心城区为例

3-D-visualization and spatial morphology analysis of urban benchmark land prices for residential use:A case study of Wuhan,China

为了探索城市住宅用途基准地价的空间形态复杂性与多维度空间可视化表达，采集武汉市中心城区的住宅用途基准地价数据，利用数字高程模型与基于地理信息系统（geographic information system，GIS）的探索性空间分析，实现以基准地价为代理变量来更好地理解城市空间特征与空间结构。结果表明：反距离加权法更适合基准地价“层级梯田状”空间形态的表达；地理中心与“到中心的距离”作为刻画空间的经典变量仍具有不可替代的作用；各侧视角的空间形态与“价格天际线”、从内到外沿环线土地价格分布变化、各典型方向价格拟合曲线反映的梯度都呈现出明显的“中心-边缘”各圈层逐渐下降的趋势，以及城市各扇区间的空间异质性；坡度与坡向特征也进一步印证了土地基准地价高层模型“梯田型”与“环状放射型”的空间形态。

A geographic information system （GIS） and exploratory spatial data analysis were used to explore the complex spatial morphology of the urban benchmark land price digital elevation model （DEM） for residential use with Wuhan, China as a case study. The multi-dimensional spatial visualization gives a better understanding of the spatial characteristics of urban benchmark land prices with the results used to validate the urban spatial structure assumptions. The results indicate that the inverse distance weighted （IDW） method is more suitable for estimating the ＂terrace＂ spatial form of the benchmark land price. The ＂distance to the center＂, a classical space variable, is the best for depicting the urban spatial structure, each side view of the spatial form and its ＂price skyline＂, the land price distribution along the ring roads from inside to outside the city and the gradient of the price curves in all directions. All these reflect the ＂center to edge＂ distribution with all the prices gradually declining away from the center with significant spatial heterogeneity between city sectors. The slopes, aspect ratios and terrain curvatures further confirm the spatial features of ＂terrace＂ and ＂ring road radiation＂ of the urban benchmark land price DEM in Wuhan.