不同模式对盐碱地土壤环境改良效应的研究

Research on the Effect of Different Models on Soil Environmental Improvement in Saline-alkali Land

研究陕西卤泊滩盐碱地在传统排水和生态蓄水处理下土壤容重、孔隙度、水分、全盐量和养分特征,分析说明不同治理模式下土壤理化特征的差异性,从而为治理盐碱地提供科学依据及论证治理模式的可行性和准确性。在陕西富平设置盐碱地模型试验,分别设置传统排水和生态蓄水2种处理,测定分析0~30 cm土层土壤容重、孔隙度、电导率、全盐量、有机质、全氮、速效钾、速效磷及分形维数;分析0~160 cm土层土壤含水率及贮水量,并综合分析在0~30 cm土层,土壤分形维数平均值与土壤养分平均值相关关系。结果表明:在0~30 cm土层,2种模式下,土壤容重与孔隙度呈现趋势一致,生态蓄水模式较传统排水可有效降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度;同等水量下,在0~160 cm土层,生态蓄水处理下土壤平均湿度和平均贮水量较传统排水处理分别高4.47%和2.57%;在0~30 cm土层,传统排水和生态蓄水处理较试验前显著降低土壤pH值、电导率和全盐含量,且生态蓄水处理减少显著;在0~30 cm土层,各处理下各养分含量表现趋势一致即随着土层的增加而减小,且生态蓄水处理下有机质、全氮、速效钾和有效磷平均含量较传统排水处理分别高18.96%、4.76%、10.67%和9.35%,处理间差异显著(P<0.05);在0~30 cm土层,不同处理下土壤团聚体干筛和湿筛的分形维数呈现相反趋势,且与土壤平均容重、有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷存在良好的线性关系(R^2=0. 800 6~0.949 9),差异性显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,生态蓄水处理较传统排水处理可有效改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤稳定性及土壤质量,可良好地实现盐碱地治理。

A study is made of the halide in Shaanxi under traditional drainage and ecological water treatment saline-alkali soil bulk density,porosity,moisture content,soluble and nutrient characteristics. An analysis is made of different governance modes of the differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics so as to provide scientific basis for the saline-alkali land management and the feasibility and accuracy of the governance mode.Saline-alkali land in Shaanxi Fuping set model test. Traditional drainage and ecological water treatment is set up. An analysis is made of 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer soil bulk density,porosity,electric conductivity,total salt,organic matter,total n,available k,available p,and fractal dimension. 0 ～ 160 cm soil layer soil moisture content and reservoir capacity are analyzed,and 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer,the average fractal dimension of soil and soil nutrient average correlation are comprehensively analyzed. Results show that： In 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer,two kinds of mode,the soil bulk density and porosity appear consistent,ecological water storage mode than traditional drainage can effectively reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity. Under the same water,in 0 ～ 160 cm soil layer,the ecological water treatment under average humidity and soil pondage are 4.47% and 2.57% higher than traditional water treatment. In 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer,the traditional water and ecological water treatment significantly reduce the soil pH value before a test,conductivity and total salt content,and the ecological water treatment decreases significantly. In 0 ～ 30 cm soil layer,each treatment that is consistent with the increase of soil nutrient content decreases,and the ecological water treatment of organic matter,total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium average effective phosphorus content of the traditional water treatment high 18.96%,4.76%,10.67% and 9.35% respectively,the significant difference among treatments（ P0.05）. In 0～30 cm soil layer,soil aggregate in the dry sieve under different processing and fractal dimension of wet-screened contrary trend,and the average soil bulk density,organic matter,total nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus exists a good linear relationship（ R^2= 0.800 6 ～ 0.949 9）,significant differences（ P〈0.05）. To sum up,the ecological water treatment than traditional drainage treatment can effectively improve the soil physical and chemical properties,improve the stability of soil and soil quality and realize good governance saline-alkali.