阿伏伽德罗常数的测量及物质的量的新定义

The measurement of Avogadro’s constant and redefinition of amount of substance

自1971年以来,物质的量摩尔（mol）确定为国际单位制（SI）的7个基本单位之一,由0.012千克碳-12的原子数目定义为1摩尔,由此它与千克的定义具有相关的特性。在千克采用普朗克常数重新定义后,摩尔将采用阿伏伽德罗常数重新定义。文章介绍了重新定义所做的工作及新定义使用的原理和实验测定。这些结果对物理学、化学和计量学均有重要的意义。

Since 1971, the amount of substance mole has served as the definition of one of the seven fundamental units in the International System of Units（SI）. One mole is defined as the atomic constant of 0.012kg of the 12C carbon atom, so it is correlated with the definition of the mass kilogram. With the redefinition of the latter based on Planck＇s constant, the mole will be redefined using Avogadro＇s constant. This paper describes the principle of the new definition and its experimental determination. These results are of great significance for physics, chemistry and metrology.