医务人员血源性职业暴露后感知压力、创伤后应激症状及焦虑抑郁情绪

Perceived Stress,Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms,Anxiety and Depression in Medical Staff After Blood-induced Occupational Exposure

目的：调查了解医务人员血源性职业暴露后不同时间点的感知压力、创伤后应激症状和焦虑抑郁情绪。方法：采用纵向调查研究,于2015年1月-2017年1月选取于本院发生血源性职业暴露的医务人员,分别采用压力知觉量表（Perceived Stress Scale-4,PSS-4）、创伤后应激障碍检查表第5版（PTSD Checklist-5,PCL-5）和医院焦虑抑郁量表（Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,HADS）分别评估其职业暴露后和暴露6个月后的感知压力、创伤后应激症状和焦虑抑郁情绪,探讨随时间变化医务人员的相关心理变化。结果：共纳入96例调查人员中,其中男性45例,女性51例,暴露于乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒、HIV和梅毒螺旋体分别为76例（79.2%）、7例（7.3%）、4例（4.2%）和9例（9.4%）,其中41例为医生（42.7%）,55例为护士（57.3%）。96例医务人员中,其不同性别、职业、婚姻、工作年限和学历的初次PSS-4、PCL-5和HADS评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其暴露后6个月的PSS-4、PCL-5和HADS评分均显著高于暴露时（t=4.051,3.826,2.930;P〈0.01）。结论：医务人员血源性职业暴露后其6个月内均存在感知压力、创伤后应激症状和焦虑抑郁情绪持续升高的现象。

Objective：To investigate the perceived stress,post-traumatic stress symptoms and anxiety and depression in medical staff at different time points after blood-induced occupational exposure.Methods：By longitudinal research,medical staff with blood occupational exposure in January 2015-January 2017 were selected.Perceived Stress Scale-4（PSS-4）,PTSD Checklist-5（PCL-5）and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale（HADS）were used to assess occupational stress and post-traumatic stress and anxiety and depression after 6 months of exposure,and explore the psychological changes in the medical staff over time.Results：A total of 96 investigators were enrolled in the study.Among them,45 males and 51 females were exposed to hepatitis B virus（7.92%）,hepatitis C virus（7.3%）,HIV（4.2%）and Treponema pallidum（9.4%）.Among them,41 were doctors（42.7%）and 55 were nurses（57.3%）.There were no significant differences in PSS-4,PCL-5 and HADS scores among the 96 medical staff among their sexes,occupation,marriage,years of work and education（P〉0.05）.The PSS-4,PCL-5 and HADS scores were significantly higher at 6 months after exposure（t=4.051,3.826,2.930;P〈0.01）.Conclusion：There is a sense of perceived stress,post-traumatic stress symptoms and anxiety and depression in 6 months after exposure to blood-induced occupational exposure.