青海省民和县蚊类及其孳生地分布情况调查

Investigation on the mosquito species and distribution of breeding sites in Minhe county of Qinghai province

目的了解和掌握青海省民和县蚊种的空间分布及其孳生地分布情况、水体pH值数据,为开展蚊类传播疾病预测预警、制定防制策略及卫生城镇建设提供科学依据。方法成蚊调查采用诱蚊灯法,幼蚊用勺舀法,记录采集点的经纬度、海拔,测量孳生水体pH值,对2017年6月在青海省民和县捕获的蚊虫种类、构成比等数据进行统计描述。结果民和县蚊类有4属6种,优势蚊种为淡色库蚊和刺扰伊蚊,分别占捕获总数的42.60%和29.00%,主要分布在海拔1 759～2 207 m,均适于成蚊及幼蚊孳生,幼蚊孳生水体pH值在7.1～9.0之间。结论民和县蚊种与《青海省卫生防疫站站志》记录一致,野外孳生水体pH值达到9.0时,依然适于幼蚊孳生。在人群集聚区和活动较频繁区域发现中华按蚊,存在传播疟疾风险,需加强监测和完善防制措施。

Objective To investigate the species and spatial distribution of adult mosquitoes, distribution of the breedingsites, and water p H value, which would provide a scientific basis for predicting the spread of mosquito-borne diseases,developing the prevention and control strategy and construction of hygienic town. Methods The adult mosquitoes andlarvae were captured using mosquito lure lamp method and scoop method respectively. The longitude, latitude and altitudeof the collection sites, and the pH value of the water for larvae breeding were recorded. The species and composition ofmosquitoes caught in Minhe county of Qinghai province in June 2017 were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 169 adult mosquitoes were captured, including 141 female and 28 male mosquitoes, with the density of 13 insects/（lamp·hour）,belonging to 6 species, 4 genera. The predominant species were Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes vexans, and Anopheles sinensis.The altitude of breeding sites ranged from 1 759 m to 2 207 m, and pH of water was between 7.1 and 9.0 for mosquito larvalbreeding sites. Conclusion The mosquito species found in Minhe county was in accordance with the records of Qinghaiprovincial epidemic prevention station. And it was the first time to report that the water is appropriate for larval breedingwhen the pH value is 9. Anopheles sinensis, the important vector of malaria, was found in the dense residential areas ofMinhe county, which indicated that there was the transmission risk of malaria. We should strengthen monitoring, improvethe prevention and control measures, and implement risk assessment of the mosquito-borne diseases, such as Dengue fever.