心理干预及健康教育对2型糖尿病患者生活方式、心理负担及生活质量的影响

Effects of Psychological Intervention and Health Education on Lifestyle,Psychological Burden and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

目的：探讨心理干预及健康教育对2型糖尿病患者生活方式、心理负担及生活质量的影响。方法：选择2017年2-5月,在我医院内分泌科进行住院治疗的2型糖尿病患者60例,按照随机数字的方法分为两个组,对照组和治疗组,每个组30名患者,对照组患者使用常规心理干预与健康教育,观察组患者在对照组患者干预方式的基础上使用一对一的方法进行心理干预和健康教育,对干预的效果进行分析和评价。结果：完成干预后,观察组患者的空腹血糖,餐后2小时血糖与糖化血红蛋白数据降低幅度显著高于对照组患者,数据差异具有统计学意义（t=3.222,2.054,4.516;P〈0.05）,两组患者在干预后3个月的总热量控制情况,营养换算掌握情况与食物搭配掌握情况均为观察组患者优于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义（z=3.412,3.610,3.172;P〈0.05）,BMI,运动,戒烟与限酒达标率也为观察组患者高于对照组组患者,差异均具有统计学意义（χ^2=5.455,11.380,6.667,10.000;P〈0.05）,完成干预后,观察组患者的心理弹性水平与生活质量改善程度均高于对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义（t=6.938,3.142,6.216,5.748,4.702,3.842,3.958;P〈0.05）。结论：使用个体化的心理干预及健康教育对2型糖尿病患者进行干预,可以显著改善患者血糖水平与生活方式,降低心理压力,提升生活质量。

Objective： To explore the effect of psychological intervention and health education on lifestyle,psychological burden and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods： From August 2015 to February 2017,a total of60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated in the Department of endocrinology of our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the random number method,the control group and the treatment group,30 patients in each group.The control group received routine psychological intervention and health education,and the observation group received psychological intervention and health education on the basis of the intervention methods of the control group,and the intervention effect was analyzed and evaluated.Results： After the completion of the intervention,the observation group of patients＇ fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2 hours blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin data reduction was significantly higher than that in the control group patients,the data differences were statistically significant（ t = 3.222,2.054,4.516; P〈0.05）.After 3 months of the intervention,the total heat control,nutritional conversion,and the food collocation of the observation group patients were better than that of the control group patients,the data differences were statistically significant（ z = 3.412,3.610,3.172; P〈0.05）.The rates of BMI,exercise,smoking cessation and alcohol restriction were higher in the observation group than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant（ χ^2= 5. 455,11. 380,6. 667,10.000; P〈0.05）.After completion of the intervention,the resilience level and quality of life in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant（ t = 6. 938,3. 142,6. 216,5. 748,4.702,3.842,3.958; P〈0.05）.Conclusion： Individual psychological intervention and health education on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can significantly improve blood glucose level and lifestyle,reduce psychological pressure and improve the quality of life.