重庆某区青春期留守儿童生活质量影响因素分析

Quality of life among left-behind adolescents in rural Chongqing

目的分析重庆市某区青春期留守儿童生活质量的影响因素,为采取改善青春期留守儿童生活质量的措施提供依据。方法分层整群抽取重庆某区3 691名青春期留守儿童,采用"青春期儿童生活质量量表"和自编"儿童基本情况调查问卷"进行调查。结果单因素分析结果显示,男生生活质量总分(141.74±18.09)高于女生(140.47±17.99),非住校生生活质量总分(142.24±18.35)高于住校生(138.01±16.91),小学生生活质量总分(143.81±18.65)高于初中生(138.06±16.84);与父母联系频率、教养方式、学习成绩、好朋友数量等4个因素对留守儿童生活质量总分和4个维度得分的影响均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),留守类型、监护人类型、家庭经济状况等3个因素对留守儿童生活质量总分和部分维度得分的影响均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素逐步回归分析结果表明,影响青春期留守儿童生活质量的主要因素有教养方式、好朋友数量、学段、学习成绩、与父母联系频率、家庭经济状况、性别和留守类型(P值均<0.05)。结论大力发展经济、改善父母教养方式、加强亲子关系是提高和改善青春期留守儿童生活质量的关键。

Objective To explore the quality of life among left-behind adolescents in rural area of Chongqing. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 3 691 grade 3-9 students who were selected through multiple-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Quality of Life and demographic information were collected through questionnaire survey. Results Univariate analysis suggested total quality of life of boys（ 141.74±18.09）,living off campus（ 142.24±18.35）,primary school students（ 143.81±18.65） was significantly higher than that of girls（ 140.47±17.99）,living on campus（ 138.01±16.91） and middle school students（ 138.06±16.84）. Frequency of contact with parents,parenting style,academic achievement and number of good friends could affect total and sub-dimensional quality of life（ P〈0.01）. Gender,left-behind type,guardian type and family economic status significantly associated with quality of life（ P〈0. 05）. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that parenting style,number of good friends,school segment,academic achievement,frequency of contact with parents,family economic status,gender and leftbehind type associated with quality of life. Conclusion Improvement in economic welfare,as well as parental rearing patterns and parent-child relationship are the keys to improve the quality of life among left-behind adolescents in rural Chongqing.